Philippines’ Economy Essay

Philippines, one of the countries around the world, rich in natural resources and smiles reaching out to one another. They say it’s more fun here because of our tropical shores and unique landscapes good for tourist fun and adventures. To the eyes of foreigners, the bandwagons made for them made us more attractive and a wanted country for vacations but do they really see the true us? Despite all the hardships in life we Filipinos still tend to work hard and think of the better days and this hope ignites our hearts which makes us rise from below. But no matter how hard we try there would always be people who would bring us down and degrade us because of our differences. The country itself is in poverty but I believe in the saying â€Å"Poverty is not a hindrance to Success!†. Poverty caused partly by both government and citizens not working with each other. Rich tends to be greedy and the poor just keeps getting lazier. The country is not actually as poor as you think, Philippines is booming with tourism and our economy is rising, which makes it easy to say that in the near future we may become one of the first world countries. Economy is rapidly growing and investors are coming in and the future action-takers who can make this place better are the youth. As a youth, I also want a change to my homeland. I want people to treat us with respect and equally. How can I do this? By believing in that dream. I see myself as a student studying for the betterment of myself and the country. I see a spark in me which may encourage myself to help in certain actions so I can start early. Once, way back in my province, Leyte. I helped in the Charity committee in charged of collecting canned goods for the needy. That experience was just a beginning and I know I can do more. What more do I have in mind? I want to create a cause in Art. I want to change how you see a dumpsite to become more pleasant to the eyes, or something like that. New York and European countries have already taken this action and why not take it here? The way Bonifacio Global City exhibits street arts changes how you see a place and I want to be a part of this movement. Our country is developing and time is moving fast. If we don’t believe we can be a part of something massive then we truly are a failure. Life is not about living but by living with a cause. A cause which may leave a mark before you die, knowing that you did your part. Philippines may still have a long-long way to go but like Gawad Kalinga who started the movement early, makes us sure that the development of this country is getting better. â€Å"I know I can do this and I will try my best to make it happen because I want our country to become a better place.†

A Monologue for Love Essay

What becomes of the broken hearted? Nothing. You think you know love — then that love turns out to be an egotistical self-involved bastard who’s no braver than the house mouse living in your walls waiting ’til you least expect it. I’ve made mistakes before. But nothing compares to the ones made with him. The ones made in his arms, his unloving false arms’ embrace that somehow once made me feel warm and made heart be tender. And in that false embrace I made mistakes under false illusions. Illusions that this.. boy, this child, could love me and make me feel like a woman! A woman I am not, I am but a child, a girl who has been broken by the same boy too many times and more. I tried to end it once, twice, and ended it be on the fifth. But this was all too little too late, as he had touched me and I him. And is it so much to ask that I be loved again? It must have been for once another man loved me — A man this time. Not a child, a boy. A man. And this man I turned down. I gave him false reason. For the real reason was that I did wish to be with this man — but I was too afraid. The fear growing inside of me, a seed planted by a boy. And in the heat of the moment I fell for that man only to wake the morrow to tell him it cannot be. Months later now, I thought I had convinced myself of this false reason. But in a moment of peace, no distractions to cloud my judgment, my heart caught up to my head and told me of the real reason. And now I am dead. The seed has stopped growing. But its venomous flower has already bloomed and done its damage. I am but one of many broken hearted souls with many mistakes done and many more to proceed, to follow. And I ask of you now — What should a girl do? When she no longer welcomes love — But instead wishes it she had never kn own?

Safety

Safety means protecting ourselves from any danger that may hurt us or endanger to our lives. Unsafe practice is a great peril to both life and property. A two wheeler rider who rides recklessly not only risks his own life, but also the other road users. School children getting run over by their same school vans or getting knocked down while crossing the road or getting drowned in die pond or falling from high places or getting electrocuted and so on; such news appear in the newspapers. This is because of their lack of knowledge about overall safety, be it 011 die road or anywhere. While crossing die road, they must not run across in blind panic. Wait till the traffic policeman or the green ‘Walk’ signal appear. Even then look for some vehicle drivers who jump signals and cross die road with the others. Safety means protecting ourselves from any danger that may hurt us or endanger to our lives. Unsafe practice is a great peril to both life and property. A two wheeler rider who rides recklessly not only risks his own life, but also the other road users. School children getting run over by their same school vans or getting knocked down while crossing the road or getting drowned in die pond or falling from high places or getting electrocuted and so on; such news appear in the newspapers. This is because of their lack of knowledge about overall safety, be it 011 die road or anywhere. While crossing die road, they must not run across in blind panic. Wait till the traffic policeman or the green ‘Walk’ signal appear. Even then look for some vehicle drivers who jump signals and cross die road with the others. Safety means protecting ourselves from any danger that may hurt us or endanger to our lives. Unsafe practice is a great peril to both life and property. A two wheeler rider who rides recklessly not only risks his own life, but also the other road users. School children getting run over by their same school vans or getting knocked down while crossing the road or getting drowned in die pond or falling from high places or getting electrocuted and so on; such news appear in the newspapers. This is because of their lack of knowledge about overall safety, be it 011 die road or anywhere. While crossing die road, they must not run across in blind panic. Wait till the traffic policeman or the green ‘Walk’ signal appear. Even then look for some vehicle drivers who jump signals and cross die road with the others. Safety means protecting ourselves from any danger that may hurt us or endanger to our lives. Unsafe practice is a great peril to both life and property. A two wheeler rider who rides recklessly not only risks his own life, but also the other road users. School children getting run over by their same school vans or getting knocked down while crossing the road or getting drowned in die pond or falling from high places or getting electrocuted and so on; such news appear in the newspapers. This is because of their lack of knowledge about overall safety, be it 011 die road or anywhere. While crossing die road, they must not run across in blind panic. Wait till the traffic policeman or the green ‘Walk’ signal appear. Even then look for some vehicle drivers who jump signals and cross die road with the others. Safety means protecting ourselves from any danger that may hurt us or endanger to our lives. Unsafe practice is a great peril to both life and property. A two wheeler rider who rides recklessly not only risks his own life, but also the other road users. School children getting run over by their same school vans or getting knocked down while crossing the road or getting drowned in die pond or falling from high places or getting electrocuted and so on; such news appear in the newspapers. This is because of their lack of knowledge about overall safety, be it 011 die road or anywhere. While crossing die road, they must not run across in blind panic. Wait till the traffic policeman or the green ‘Walk’ signal appear. Even then look for some vehicle drivers who jump signals and cross die road with the others. Safety means protecting ourselves from any danger that may hurt us or endanger to our lives. Unsafe practice is a great peril to both life and property. A two wheeler rider who rides recklessly not only risks his own life, but also the other road users. School children getting run over by their same school vans or getting knocked down while crossing the road or getting drowned in die pond or falling from high places or getting electrocuted and so on; such news appear in the newspapers. This is because of their lack of knowledge about overall safety, be it 011 die road or anywhere. While crossing die road, they must not run across in blind panic. Wait till the traffic policeman or the green ‘Walk’ signal appear. Even then look for some vehicle drivers who jump signals and cross die road with the others. Safety means protecting ourselves from any danger that may hurt us or endanger to our lives. Unsafe practice is a great peril to both life and property. A two wheeler rider who rides recklessly not only risks his own life, but also the other road users. School children getting run over by heir same school vans or getting knocked down while crossing the road or getting drowned in die pond or falling from high places or getting electrocuted and so on; such news appear in the newspapers. This is because of their lack of knowledge about overall safety, be it 011 die road or anywhere. While crossing die road, they must not run across in blind panic. Wait till the traffic policeman or the green ‘Walk’ signal appear. Even then look for some vehicle drivers who jump signals and cross die road with the others. Safety means protecting ourselves from any danger that may hurt us or endanger to our lives. Unsafe practice is a great peril to both life and property. A two wheeler rider who rides recklessly not only risks his own life, but also the other road users. School children getting run over by their same school vans or getting knocked down while crossing the road or getting drowned in die pond or falling from high places or getting electrocuted and so on; such news appear in the newspapers. This is because of their lack of knowledge about overall safety, be it 011 die road or anywhere. While crossing die road, they must not run across in blind panic. Wait till the traffic policeman or the green ‘Walk’ signal appear. Even then look for some vehicle drivers who jump signals and cross die road with the others. Safety means protecting ourselves from any danger that may hurt us or endanger to our lives. Unsafe practice is a great peril to both life and property. A two wheeler rider who rides recklessly not only risks his own life, but also the other road users. School children getting run over by their same school vans or getting knocked down while crossing the road or getting drowned in die pond or falling from high places or getting electrocuted and so on; such news appear in the newspapers. This is because of their lack of knowledge about overall safety, be it 011 die road or anywhere. While crossing die road, they must not run across in blind panic. Wait till the traffic policeman or the green ‘Walk’ signal appear. Even then look for some vehicle drivers who jump signals and cross die road with the others. Safety means protecting ourselves from any danger that may hurt us or endanger to our lives. Unsafe practice is a great peril to both life and property. A two wheeler rider who rides recklessly not only risks his own life, but also the other road users. School children getting run over by their same school vans or getting knocked down while crossing the road or getting drowned in die pond or falling from high places or getting electrocuted and so on; such news appear in the newspapers. This is because of their lack of knowledge about overall safety, be it 011 die road or anywhere. While crossing die road, they must not run across in blind panic. Wait till the traffic policeman or the green ‘Walk’ signal appear. Even then look for some vehicle drivers who jump signals and cross die road with the others. Safety means protecting ourselves from any danger that may hurt us or endanger to our lives. Unsafe practice is a great peril to both life and property. A two wheeler rider who rides recklessly not only risks his own life, but also the other road users. School children getting run over by their same school vans or getting knocked down while crossing the road or getting drowned in die pond or falling from high places or getting electrocuted and so on; such news appear in the newspapers. This is because of their lack of knowledge about overall safety, be it 011 die road or anywhere. While crossing die road, they must not run across in blind panic. Wait till the traffic policeman or the green ‘Walk’ signal appear. Even then look for some vehicle drivers who jump signals and cross die road with the others.

Why is a consideration of culture important for strategy formulation Essay - 2

Why is a consideration of culture important for strategy formulation and implementation - Essay Example Cultures also determine the services and products that are viable for business in the region. Hence, the strategy must be in line the products and services that the culture allows. Various business undertakings need to consider the culture to become successful an example is a business advertisement. In the advertisements, different cultures have a specific point that they look for before considering the products are good for use (Aswathappa, 2010). If the advertisement is capturing the area of interest, then the services and product can easily sell in the area culture. Strategy for the advertisement of the same product of the same company may vary  to fit the cultural requirement (Aswathappa, 2010). An example being advertisement used in the developed countries such as those in Europe may differ from those in underdeveloped ones. In channeling the adverts in a proper manner, the people in a particular culture will take the product as their own. This kind of strategy will make the business of an organization thrive in a different location while exploiting cultures. Understanding of the culture is a good strategy in the business becoming competitive in any giv en region. Understanding the culture in the region is an important strategy for managing the organization workers in different regions. Most of the individuals who work in a given region for an organization come from the same area. Understanding their culture as a strategy for managing the workers is very crucial in having sustainable working environment. If the local workers feel no respect for their values that arise from local cultures may cause low morale in the work hence, they become less productive (Rajasekar, 2014). Such kind of problems will sabotage the company goals and affect prosperity. Considering the cultural influence on workers, any business organization management needs to understand the cultures in the region to be sure of prosperity. Hence, it is important to

Martin Luther and the 95 Theses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Martin Luther and the 95 Theses - Essay Example The darkness that spread across the world with as the shadow of the Papacy's unremitting reluctance to accept scientific progression turned western civilization from the cradle of knowledge into a place where minds like Aristotle and Galileo were placed into submission behind adherence to religious beliefs at odds with facts and evidence. The importance of Martin Luther to contemporary civilization therefore rests upon the genuinely frightening concept of what the world might look like had he not hammered a nail into the unquestioned authority of the Church. The spark that lit the wick that would result in the explosion known as the Protestant Reformation can be traced back to a single spring day in 1517. What occurred on the day was nothing that had not been duplicated countless times before and after; the manner in which forces converged to implicate the actions of that day with an importance beyond their scope may be taken according to one's own perspective as either a sign of God working in His mysterious ways or as an example of the mystery of social evolution. The entirety of the Protestant Reformation is conventionally attributed to the work of Martin Luther, but the impetus behind why Luther was motivated to nail the 95 theses to the church wall is as mysterious to most people as the causes behind why that spring day in 1517 was so unique. Although Luther may be the figure of vital importance in the story of the Protestant Reformation, he was preceded by other figures that acted as the charge behind his radical awakening. The least well known, but perhaps most influential, figure in the story of Luther's awakening was a Dominican friar named Johann Tetzel. Tetzel began selling indulgences along the border of Saxony. Indulgences were nothing more than pieces of paper in reality, but within the universe of the Catholic Church they represented a promise of the remission of the penance placed upon a sinner by his confessor. The sale of indulgences had spread quickly during the early decades of the 1600s and friars such as Tetzel were anything but an uncommon sight (Mullett 68). What set Tetzel apart from the rest that raised the ire of Martin Luther and set him upon a course that would revolutionize western civilization Another important figure that remains mostly in the shadows on the road leading to the nailing of the 99 Theses is Albert of Hohenzollern. Albert was the younger sibling of the elector of Brandenburg who had gotten himself into debt. By 1513 Albert was paying enormous amounts of cash in order to acquire dispensations from Rome to retain his holdings several bishoprics. At age 23, Albert was not legally old enough to assume the position of bishop in these areas, but that did not stop him from setting his eye on the see of Mainz when the position became vacant. Albert was successfully elected to the position despite the realization that in doing so he would be owing even more money to the Papacy. In order to meet his increasing debt, Albert arranged for financing with the Fuggers Bank before arranging a deal with Leo X in which the pope proclaimed an indulgence in Albert's territories based on the mutual understanding that fully half the money raised would go toward building St. Peter 's Basilica in Rome. The other half would, of course, go straight to Fuggers by way of Albert (Waibel 40) . All

Can Advertisers Catch Your Attention Research Paper

Can Advertisers Catch Your Attention - Research Paper Example It will further explain why the advertisement did a good job in convincing the target market into taking action and suggest other ways the advertisers could get the target market’s attention. The Brand The anti-obesity theme in the â€Å"coming together† campaign by Coca-Cola is attention-catching as it touches on a sensitive issue in the American community and, indeed, worldwide. The corporate branding that runs for two minutes was well thought, planned and executed. Most consumers react favorably when advertisers communicate with them with respect and intelligence (Statt, 1977). It marked a strategic and successful shift from the traditional humorous and dreamy approach consumers have long associated with the brand. â€Å"Coming together† applies serious commentary to a similarly serious matter in America, and its authenticity is acknowledged and appreciated in the responses received from consumers. The advertisement shows that the brand is evolving with times, innovating constantly to meet the dynamic needs and wants of consumers. The Target Group The advertisement is designed to appeal to a diverse target group. Looking at it from the perspective of female consumers aged between 21 and 35, one appreciates the fact that the brand has tackled the menace of obesity in a sincere and straightforward manner. For male consumers in the same age bracket, they get a feeling that the brand cares for its consumers’ health in America and around the world. For consumers aged 50 and above, â€Å"coming together† shows, in a very educational way, that change can be achieved if all people work together, exhibiting a sense of corporate responsibility by the brand. The advertisement has the power to take a consumer through the process of creating awareness, imparting product knowledge and develop a liking that leads to purchase. Effectiveness of the Advertisement â€Å"Coming together† was effective in convincing the consumers to take action by using a theme that emphasizes sensible choices in a bid to meet calorie and nutritional needs of individuals. All stakeholders must collaborate to have workable solutions to the obesity problem. Awareness is created among consumers that all beverages and foods have a belonging in a sensible and balanced diet, accompanied by physical activity. The informative nature of the advertisement provides consumers with more options that facilitate informed decisions. The brands collaboration with the Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the Department of Health and Human Services shows the level of seriousness invested into bringing quality and healthy products for human consumption, which is easily an attraction to most consumers (Stuart, 2012). Alternative Way for Advertisers to get Attention Another way advertisers could get consumers’ attention would be to segment the market and target different groups through different media. For example, the older generation i s known to have a preference for the print media. Therefore, advertisements in the real estate or stock markets would generally reach them through newspapers or magazines. On the other hand, the younger generation spends a considerable amount of their time online, therefore, web based advertisements can easily get their attention. A survey showed that 42 percent of college students in America watch TV or listen to radio online

Debating Gloalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Debating Gloalization - Essay Example Joseph Stiglitz is considered as one of the major voices in the world speaking against the potential detrimental nature of the overall process of globalization. His main arguments therefore suggest that globalization can be good if it is executed properly by taking into the consideration of the individual characteristics of each country. (Friedman, 2002). He is of the opinion that the countries should be allowed to embrace globalization on their own terms rather been enforced on them. He also argues that if the pro globalization policies are not being carried out properly, it is quite possible that the countries can become more vulnerable to the external shocks and this can create economic instability as well as resulting into a decline in growth and increase in poverty. (Stiglitz, 2002). This paper will discuss and explore the ideas of Joseph Stieglitz on globalization and will present a critical intellectual biography of Joseph Stiglitz. Intellectual Biography Ideas Stiglitz has wo rked on different issues and presented his ideas on diverse range of ideas ranging from economics to political economy. He is often considered as a New Keynesian for his views on the better role of government in running the overall affairs of the economy. He is therefore also considered as neo-liberal thinker because of his strong opposition of the corporate led globalization. He is often considered as critical of IMF and World Bank- two of the most important institutions advocating the globalization and help fulfilling the overall agenda of globalization. (Stiglitz, 2003). His major ideas on globalization are based on his theory of information asymmetry and how the lack of correct information can result into the development of incomplete markets at the global level. He is therefore particularly of the view that advocating globalization in such economies where markets are not fully developed and information is not available can result into more poverty and economic inequality rather than creating prosperity. He is also considered as quite critical of IMF because of its ignorance that the overall process of globalization may not work in the presence of inadequate institutions as well as the incomplete markets. (Stiglitz, 2003). His ideas on globalization therefore are based on the presence of more transparent institutions and greater role of Western countries in helping the less developed countries to better integrate themselves into the global economy. His economic ideas are also mostly considered as New Keynesian. Trade In order to understand the Stiglitz ideas on the free trade and its role in the globalized world, t is important to consider the overall arguments in favor of free trade. The advocates of the globalized and free trade believe that free markets and trade can actually increase the overall opportunity set for the countries and they can readily benefit from this. What is however, important to consider that as per Stiglitz this is not the case? Tho ugh he believes that this may be a text book approach however, in reality free trade and markets do not necessarily result into the growth. The overall arguments are based upon the notion that the free trade and investment can only result into the growth when they are competitive. Since the markets of the developing countries are still

Fashion Designer Term Project Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Fashion Designer Project - Term Paper Example The paper "Fashion Designer Term Project" discovers such designers as Tommy Hilfiger and Kenneth Cole. Fashion designer Tommy Hilfiger born 1951 is an American citizen. He is also the founder of Tommy Hilfiger Corporation which is a first-class lifestyle brand. At 25, Hilfiger set up a shop called the peoples place in New York City. Tommy Hilfiger is considered great because the designer designs clothes for men, women and children. Furthermore, he designs accessories too. On the other hand, Tommy Hilfiger has a positive and powerful reputation internationally because his designs are classic and trendy at the same time. Due to this, majority of his designs are preferred by the elite class. This has made his designs ironically to be very popular since people admire the high quality of his designs. Tommy Hilfiger’s anesthetic characteristic that I like the most is his use of color. Tommy choice of colors is playful but serious at the same time. This is because most of his labels are all in red, blue and white. The store has some contemporary designs that were inspired by these colors and are on display. Most of the color printing done on the shirts and dresses was inspired by Tommy Hilfiger. In some respect, I assume is a representation of his country that he is so proud of, but I think it is a statement decision. The color red is bold, sexy and passionate; a statement which I think Tommy wants the client to feel when purchasing the clothes. The color blue is cool, calm and assuring a feeling.

Picasso's Works at Metropolitan Museum of Art Essay

Picasso's Works at Metropolitan Museum of Art - Essay Example The essay "Picasso's Works at Metropolitan Museum of Art" explores the famous museum and analyze Pablo Picasso's artworks. Spanish-born artist Pablo Picasso is One of the undisputed masters of modern art. His initial Blue Period of 1901-04 is marked by the monochromatic focus on that particular color and subject-matters defined by ‘a particular cast of characters: lonely, suffering, poverty-stricken outcasts from society’. This morphed into the brightened tones of the Rose Period lasting two years, which featured the first appearance of circus performers in his paintings. Yet a transitory revolution was on its way, sparked by his association with Braque, whom he met upon moving to Paris. By 1910, Analytical Cubism was erupting, defined by the pictorial deconstruction of an object to produce a conceptual (as oppose to perceptual) image of an object. After two more years came Synthetic Cubism, with its revolutionary collages. After World War I Picasso broke with Braque and began moving towards Surrealism. The significance of this cannot be underestimated, as ‘the Surrealist movement moved Picasso in a direction including new imagery and vocabulary for emotional expression, and he incorporate violence, psychic fears, and eroticism in his works’. This is the period of the painting hung before me at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1934’s Girl Reading at a Table. Color is my first impression—the warmth of the red, orange and yellow against a black background with hints of blue and green. A woman with white skin and hair and an elaborate green garland around her head is reading at a tall and simple table. One feather-esque hand touches her face while the other secures the book that so thoroughly captures her attention. Her fair skin features slight echoes of pink on her cheeks and neck, and her head is at such an angle that her pale hair falls before her eyes. Also on the desk is an amorphic yellow lamp and a tall and curving po tted plant in a brown container rises from the ground. This still thriving plant and the wreath adorning her hair bring a form of nature inside this space. Although the contents of the room are compressed within the frame of the painting, there is no awkwardness in the composition. The straight table legs are wonderfully offset by the gorgeously flowing lines of the red and orange dress as well as the plant and the yellow light flowing from the small lamp that brightens the dark night scene. Yet there is something young about this woman at the oversized reading table, and that is

The era of the weak state THE WEAK STATE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The era of the weak state THE WEAK STATE - Essay Example The fourteenth amendment (1868) that protected equality of all citizens before law and the fifteenth amendment (1870) that imparted voting rights to all were also partially circumvented in a similar manner by the South (Henretta and Brody, 440-456). All these had a negative and weakening effect on the consolidating process undertaken by the new state. The period, 1865 to 1890, on the contrary, was the era of agricultural growth, industrialization and urbanization but of course with environmental costs (Henretta and Brody, 430-446). And towards the end of the era of the ‘weak state’, that is between 1877 and 1900, the US began to grow into a full-fledged industrial nation (Henretta and Brody, 462). If it was the feudal social establishment that acted as a weakening element for the state during 1860s and 70s, towards 1900, the emerging corporate industries took over the same task. It is observed that the new America that emerged in 1900 was â€Å"a land of factories, corporate enterprise and industrial workers† (Henretta and Brody, 462). A market of mass dimensions and a wide consumer base grew (Henretta and Brody, 497). Infrastructure facilities were also developed to great extent thereby helping industry to grow better (Henretta and Brody, 495-497). The decades that preceded and succeeded 1900 saw an influx of immigrants from Europe culminating in thoughts about restricting the same and also extreme urbanization (Henretta and Brody, 502-585). On the political front, the era of the ‘weak state’ is marked by the people getting highly mobilized as political pressure groups but all the same, the government being the weakest in the US history in terms of power and national pride (Henretta and Brody, 600-606). Slowly, as the two-party system emerged, the possibility of a third voice was suppressed and a common understanding was arrived at to maintain the ‘weak state’ so as to further the capitalist society and its

Inclusive Education in Mainstream Politics Term Paper

Inclusive Education in Mainstream Politics - Term Paper Example The definite advancement of the movement on inclusive education is evidenced through declarations, gatherings, statements and various actions taken by governments across the world in the last century. The issue of inclusive education is characterized by deep-rooted conflicts, dilemmas, and contradictions. "Inclusive education should be seen as an attempted resolution of a dilemma that is fundamental to mass education systems: the dilemma of commonality and difference. Put simply, such systems have to offer something recognizably common - an 'education' - to learners who are recognizably similar, while at the same time acknowledging that those same learners differ from each other in important ways and therefore have to be offered different 'educations' (Dyson & Millward, 2000). It is now universally accepted by think groups and policymakers that children with a disability or learning difficulty will ultimately be a part of the mainstream, hence their participation in the mainstream is earlier the better and an early start in mainstream schools is the best preparation for an integrated life. Some of the major milestones in opinion building on bringing inclusive education in the mainstream of policymaking activities include The Universal Declaration of Human Rights ( UDHR, 1948 ), International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination ( ICEARD, 1965), International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ( ICCPR, 1966), International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ( ICESC, 1966), Convention on the Rights of the Child ( CRC, 1989) and Salamanca Declaration, 1994. The Salamanca Declaration under the overall framework of UNESCO has been particularly noteworthy and it is worthwhile looking at some the key declarations which are given below: Every child has a fundamental right to education and must be given the opportunity to achieve and maintain an acceptable level of learning. Every child has unique characteristics, interes ts, abilities and learning needs, education systems should be designed and educational programs implemented to take into account the wide diversity of these characteristics and needs,   Those with special education needs must have access to regular schools, which should accommodate them within a child-centered pedagogy capable of meeting these needs, Regular schools with this inclusive orientation are the most effective means of combating discriminatory attitudes, creating welcoming communities, building an inclusive society, and achieving education for all; moreover, they provide an effective education to the majority of children and improve the efficiency and ultimately the cost-effectiveness of the entire education system" The successive British establishments were seized with issues associated with the shift in economy from traditional to knowledge work, especially the Labour party when it regained power towards the end of the previous century. Peter Drucker said in 1980 that the center of gravity has sharply shifted from manual work to knowledge work in the world of work. The British leadership could see the need for a different focus in educational policy and its deployment.

Canterbury Tales Analysis Essay Example for Free

Canterbury Tales Analysis Essay Physically the two characters appear extremely different. The knight is dressed in a fustian tunic, â€Å"Stained and dark with smudges where his armour had left mark† (Chaucer 5). Although he is a distinguished man, he dresses humbly and does not give the appearance of arrogance. It is also apparent that he carries a sword, which would match his profession as a knight because he is able to fight. The Sea Captain’s attire matches his occupation. He wears a â€Å"Woollen gown that [reaches] his knee† (Chaucer 15); he is tan and has a large beard. He carries a dagger, implying that he knows how to fight and defend himself like the Knight. Considering their occupations, one can find many similarities. They are both very proficient at their jobs. The Sea Captain is described as having no competition: â€Å"None from Hull to Carthage was his match† (Chaucer 16). He is experienced and knows the seas better than any captain. He is known for his skill at commanding his ship, the Maudelayne. He frequently travels the sea. Similarly, the knight is a traveler, except on land. He is an experienced fighter, as he has been in many battles. He was present at the battle where Alexandria was taken in 1365 by the King of Cyprus. In fifteen mortal battles he had been† (Chaucer 5). According to the examples of battles given in the text, the knight rarely loses a battle. He owns fine horses and is skilled at riding horseback. However, behavior is what really sets these two characters apart. The knight is a chivalrous man. He believes in truth, honor, and generosity. People look up to him; he is â€Å"Ever honoured for his noble graces† (Chaucer 4). A Christian and a virtuous man, he is even more humbled by his position as a knight. His many victories did not permit him to lose his modesty; instead, they led him to be wise and honorable. The Sea Captain, in contrast, is a fearsome character. When dealing with prisoners, â€Å"The nicer rules of conscience he ignored† (Chaucer 16); they walked the plank. Not a virtuous man by any means, he has a reputation of stealing goods from traders while they sleep. Those who fight him fear him. He does not have a high position in society, but his brutality and prudence make him successful in battle. He is revered for his skill and success, but people do not look up to him. In summary, the use of foil by Chaucer enables the reader to notice differences and similarities between the Knight and the Sea Captain. They have similar occupations, but different roles in society as well as nearly opposite personalities. The foil emphasizes their characteristics to make them even more prominent to the reader. For example, the knight’s Christian values make the Sea Captain seem extremely harsh and lowly in comparison. The reader will be able to gain more out of the story these characters tell because of how detailed their character sketches are. Specifically, the characters are given more depth by their similarities and differences to other characters in the tale.

Marketing Plan and Analysis of Shaving Cream

Marketing Plan and Analysis of Shaving Cream The shaving cream Introduction :- Shaving cream is a substance that is applied to the face or wherever else hair grows, to provide lubrication and avoid razor burn during shaving. Shaving cream is often bought in a spray can, but can also be purchased in tubs or tubes. Shaving cream in a can is commonly dispensed as a foam or a gel. Creams that are in tubes or tubs are commonly used with a shaving brush to produce a rich lather The cream itself commonly consists of a mixture of oil, soaps, surfactants, and water or alcohol, manufactured under carefully controlled conditions to ensure proper pH and consistency. Introduction to topic:- In this term paper my topic is shaving cream. In this I prepare the IMC plan for the shaving cream and analysis various competitors and develop various strategies to promote this brand. Various steps taken by me to promote by product are shown below:- Situational analysis. Determine opportunity. Determining communication objectives. Decide about budget. Develop IMC strategies to promote my product. Vision of the company The companys vision is to build total brand value by innovating to deliver consumer value and customer relationship faster, better and more effectively than its competitors. This vision statement has led to the development and introduction of various newer products especially in male division and adoption of a more customer oriented approach. Provide better quality products with affordable prices. Basic strategies of AYRULITTE:- Innovate. Heavy promotions and advertising. Brand extensions. Launching innovative and superior products. Events Sponsorship (cricket, soccer, tennis) IMC plan:- (Integrated Marketing Communication) IMC has become a very popular trend at present time. It is a management concept that brings together all the tools of marketing communication to send consistent message to target audience. Consumers wants and needs should be the main focus of the program. Steps comes under IMC planning Situational Analysis:- Before launching our product we have need to collect some information about the current market situation means what trend is going on in the market and what is preference of the customers at present their taste etc. Situational analysis provides a history of the IMC functions and an assessment of the environment. Several factors must be considered in the situational analysis. The company or organization for which the IMC plan is being created must be analyzed. The environment in which this organization operates must be understood and detailed. A market and consumer behavior analysis must be completed. Further, you must understand the competitors. External Environment analysis:- In which we analysis about the polices of Government for launching this product. In which analysis that The Governments continued focus on liberalization; trade friendly policies and improvement in infrastructure have resulted in a steady inflow of global investments into the Indian market which has again resulted in higher income levels due to increased employment opportunities and sustained economic boom. Thus, it can be said that due to higher income elasticity of demand, demand for personal grooming products are expected to grow at a rate higher than the rise in income levels of people. However, since the market is still driven largely by price and not quality (typically in rural markets and smaller towns), consumers might not value the potential benefit of paying higher prices for better and safer products. Competitors Analysis:- As i am introducing new brand of shaving cream so it is very necessary for me to collect the information about my competitors and about their products and their competitive strategies .so major competitors in this sector are shown below. Competitors analysis COLGATE PALMOLIVE : Colgate-Palmolive has three products in the shaving cream/gel/foam segment. Palmolive shaving creams are enriched with revitalizing sea minerals, this rich formula refreshes skin and protects against razor irritation. They are formulated with soothing Aloe-Vera, this rich foam is mild on skin and helps guard against irritation. One variant is a creamy formula featuring palm extract to hydrate and moisturize skin. This cream in a long thin tube is very easy to use. As you just put onto your face and use your shaver and it will get all your stubbles of your face leaving it nice and smooth The Price of each of these products is mentioned with size of the pack in the table below GODREJ:- Godrej is the domestic brand of shaving cream for Indian market. Recently Godrej has invested heavily for the expansion in this market. They have bought a shaving cream manufacturing and marketing company in South Africa and are looking forward to some other alliances for the presence in global market. The shaving cream from Godrej is among the lowest priced shaving cream in the market. It is targeting the price sensitive customer in the Indian market. But the quality of the product is satisfactory in spite of its near about half the price than its competitors. Although, variants are few in terms of size, fragrance and packaging, it is still in the shopping list of many consumers. Godrej is a domestic brand of shaving cream and now it is looking to expand in the global. Audience situation Before launching any product we have analysis who are our customers and other factors like their income criteria as my product is my product is shaving cream. we are focusing on every class people, so, we will be providing services on the basis of their status. Each class people have their own way of living according to their income . so we will provide services according their income, taste, preference. Product situation:- Involves what is the quality of our product and product benefits to the customers, why peoples buy this product. Following steps comes under it. Quality of the product is very important factor for customer it over comes the problem why they buy this shaving cream so we maintain the quality of the shaving cream according to the set standards of the government and we are provide superior quality product at affordable prices. Packaging another point for tapping the customer is to design the out look(packing) of the product in this way customer attract towards it. This is clear from the AYRULITTE after shave packing SWOT ANALYSIS:- Strength Better quality Special formulation Affordable price Effective promotion strategy weakness New in market. Poor distribution challenge. Mainly focused on youth. Opportunity:- Large market High growth Constant demand Can be produce various related product aftershave Threats Tough competition from market leaders Bargaining power of suppliers New entrance Large number of substitute products available Determine a problem or opportunity: After situational analysis next step is to identify the problem or opportunities concerning communications To understand the buying intention of shaving cream and foam users and analyze the effect of non-attribute factors. To understand the brand loyalty of customers towards shaving cream/foam/gel Identify the parameters that play the most important role in a consumers choice of buying shaving cream/gel. Main objective for determine opportunity:- What is the inter-brand recall of shaving cream/gel/foam brands and their existing image in the consumers mind? What is the effect of non-attribute factors on the purchasing decision of shaving gel/foam? How strong is the brand loyalty of customers towards shaving cream/gel/foam? What are the factors that play the most important role in a consumers choice of buying shaving cream/gel/foam? Determine the communication objectives Communication objectives flow from marketing objectives. As we are new entrant in the market there for my main communication objectives are shown below. To aware peoples about over the new brand giving better quality products with reasonable prices. Creating image in the mind of the customers by using proper media. (Advertising, news paper) Sales promotion. Budget analysis:- The very important step for a company is to prepare a budget to estimate about their expenses and how much cost we are incur in which involves all the expenses on advertisement to promote the product. I have plan to invest Rs. 20cr. And its detail showed below. Promotion IMC strategies:- After deciding about Budget we have to plan how our message is convey to the target audience for that we have to follow certain things like Target audience: means to whom this product is target for that firstly we have to analysis about Market segmentation, Targeting, Positioning (STP) Segmentation:- Market segmentation is the process of dividing a total market into market groups consisting of people who have relative similar product needs, there are clusters of needs. The method of identifying a group of consumers, within abrader market, that has similar characteristics and needs. Segments can be identified by examining demographic Psychographic, and behavioral differences. In the shaving cream market there exist different categories of customers who have different needs and are willing to pay different amount for the product that meets their demand. Introduction of shaving cream would help AYRULITTE identify the needs of the customers and take advantage of the segment which has not yet been targeted by the company. Price sensitivity, importance of attributes, point of purchase decision makers and customers influenced by additional features are the factors on which we will segment the shaving cream market. Market segmentation according to geographical areas. The population of the country is segmented into three parts which are urban, sub urban and rural area consumers. The company further differentiate the geographical segments according to Socio Economic Cluster (SEC) i.e. education and Income. Targeting:- Targeting means to which segment we are targeting means in segmentation we are divide market into different categories out of these to segment this shaving cream focus. The target market has been identified as the customers who are concerned about the attributes of the shaving cream but are not willing to shift from the current price band to a higher price band As we know urban and sub urban middle class and rural poor people are the largest part of Indian population. Acc. To a research in India reveals that urban rich people are more likely to buy imported and expensive products. Moreover rural poor people tend to buy cheap products even without evaluating its quality. However urban and sub urban upper middle and middle class people tend to buy affordable and quality products. AYRULITTE shaving cream is not a highly expensive but an affordable product. That is why the company targets urban and sub urban upper middle and middle class people who are the second highest population of segment of the country. Positioning:- Positioning refers to how customers think about proposed and/or present brands in a market. In which we analysis how customers thinks about offerings in the market. As we are new entrant in this sector there is intense competition provide by competitors so For creating good position in the buyers mind through better product attributes, price and quality, offering the product in a different way than the competitors do. The company offers improved quality of products in the industry at an affordable price with high branding, which ultimately helps to position the product in the buyers mind as the best quality shaving creams. A great positioning strategy adapted by AYRULITTE shaving cream reference to its packaging, fragrances and product designing. For men having AYRULITTE image. Mainly focus on youth. In saloons hairdressers So we can say that positioning means creating image in the mind of the customer. Thats why at first we analysis the market and after that apply positioning strategy. As shown below firstly we have to prepare Marketing plan and set marketing objective and strategies. The IMC model consists with marketing Mix elements communication mix elements. MARKETING MIX:- As shown above in IMC model integrated marketing consists with the 4 marketing mix elements which are also known as 4ps of marketing these are shown below. Product Price Place Promotion PRODUCT :- Involve various products in which company deals AYRULITTE has a range of shaving products for different types of skins and user requirements. AYRULITTE is manufactured by imported raw materials like sodium soap, glycerol and different extracts according to flavors. Taking into account the convenience of its customers, the company manufactures all flavors of shaving cream in three different sizes, 40gm, 80gm and 120gm. PRODUCT RANGE:- Shaving cream Shave gel Foam After shave cooling gel After-shave balm splash Price :- Price is main thing which we have to decide to for tapping our customer we have affordable pricing strategy at which every segment of the population by it. Prices of the products are set according to the competitors. AYRULITTE has 6 product variants of shaving gel/foam for the Indian market. PLACE: Place refers to the distribution network from where customers buy these products. The distribution network of AYRULITTE is very robust. The distribution network is a combination of own network and that of a franchisee from the customers buy the products. The distribution network follows a hub .The hubs are the 20 cities. These cities are managed by the exclusive distributors in those cities. Every city has only one franchisee distributor. Each franchisee distributor has his own set of employees working for him. The distributor also manages his own fleet costs to supply to the retailers. Distribution Distribution Network:- PROMOTION:- As we know promotion is the main part for the success of any company so I am mainly focus on this part AYRULITTE has extensive promotion campaign for the Indian market. Promotion may be defined as the co-ordination of all seller initiated efforts to set up channels of information and persuasion to facilitate the scale of a good or service. Promotion is most often intended to be a supporting component in a marketing mix. Promotion decision must be integrated and co-ordinate with the rest of the marketing mix, particularly product/brand decisions, so that it may Effectively support an entire marketing mix strategy. The promotion mix consists of four basic elements. They are:- Advertising Personal Selling Sales Promotion, and Publicity Advertising is the paid form of promotion Advertisement is a mass communicating of information Newspapers and magazines. On radio and television broadcasts Direct mail Web site. By sponsorship. ADVERTISEMENT ON TV:- The advertisement that I have chosen is AYRULITTE shaving cream It urges its customers to look thought the practical, easy and confident usage of product. The copy itself says the very imp moments .i.e. Marriage play imp role and anybody would want it to happen without any hassle. The usage of product which is hassle free and very convenient conveyed thought this commercial very effectively with the help of little humor in to it. Any common man can identify connect himself with message and the way its been presented to him. Other strategies Push Approach: We would offer pack 5 razors with AYRULITTE Shaving Cream (Priced at Rs 50) weight 80gm. This strategy helps to take intention of the customer towards the products. And with help of this we will create brand image in the mind of the customers. Pull Approach: Our advertisement has to entice the target consumer the aspiring consumer who comes from the middle and lower middle class and gives importance to attributes but is also price sensitive. Our target consumer is widespread throughout the country- rural, urban. From over advertisement we show this will helps us to enhance awareness of over product through out the country.

Symmetric Vs Asymmetric Algorithms Computer Science Essay

Symmetric Vs Asymmetric Algorithms Computer Science Essay Data integrity, confidentiality and availability over the web, applications and storage means have become the major concerns in computer world. If data are exposed to an attacker, it will have a significant impact to business. Cryptography has a major role to play to prevent attacks to sensitive data employing encryption and decryption mechanisms. There are two main approaches to encryption: symmetric and asymmetric, and each of them contains its own variety of encryption algorithms. Both types have their advantages and disadvantages as none of them excels at both efficiency and high security. As illustrated in this paper it is not sufficient enough to use a single type of encryption methods in applications. Rapid development of network technology and expansion of information around the world, information security has to be balanced with processing efficiency requiring hybrid approaches. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each type of cryptography and proposes i n reference to literature integration approaches. Index Terms -encryption, decryption, symmetric algorithm, asymmetric algorithm, public keys, ciphertext, PGP, GnuPG, hybrid encryption. Introduction Cryptography is the study of the mathematical techniques related to aspects of information security such as confidentiality, data integrity, message authentication, and entity authentication (Piper, 2002). Cryptography has many applications including those in key management for digital communication (communication equipment, electronic mail and data interchange, access control and audit trails, e-banking), commercial software (software verification and virus detection). Encryption of electronic messages has been considcred for Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), where contracts and purchase orders are signed and delivered electronically. Similar system has been used by the British banks for Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) for Point Of Sales (POS). For Local Area Networks (L.4Ns) the IEEE 802.10 LAN Security Working Group is currently drafting security standard using public-key techniques for key management. Access control to buildings or computers relies on use of passwords or Personal Identification Number (PIN). Passwords are either stored to the computer or are dynamically generated using battery-powered devices (tokens). In some cases (e.g. in banking) the token is activated by entering a PIN. State-of-the art smart card devices embed personal or payment data which can be decrypted as long as the user enters a password or provides biometric data (e.g. voice, fingerprint, handwritten signature, or scanned picture). In theory of cryptography, the information to be encrypted is called the message and the operation of disguising is known as encryption (or enciphering). The enciphered message is called the ciphertext or cryptogram. The algorithm used for this operation also has a second input known as the enciphering key. The process of obtaining the message from the ciphertext is known as decryption, and, in addition to the ciphertext, the deciphering algorithm needs a deciphering key. The receiver will obtain the correct message, if they use the right deciphering key. An encryption system is said to be symmetric if, for each corresponding pair of enciphering and deciphering keys, it is easy to determine the deciphering key from the enciphering key. If, on the other hand, it is computationally impossible to determine the deciphering key from the enciphering key, then we have a public key system or, else, an asymmetric system. Symmetric and asymmetric cryptography are almost two different subjects, therefore the algorithms are different, and the key management problems are different. In the sections below we present the main algorithms of each system and a comparison between the algorithms of each system is performed. SYMMETRIC ALGORITHMS In symmetric algorithms, the sender and receiver of messages and files share the same key for encryption and decryption. Symmetric algorithms have the advantage of not consuming too much computing power. The most typical examples are: DES, Triple-DES (3DES), IDEA, CAST5, BLOWFISH, TWOFISH. In symmetric algorithms an important aspect of their effectiveness is the strength of the key encryption or else the size of the key used. Since the same key is used for encryption and decryption, the longer the keys are, the harder to unlock them. Strong versus weak key is one of the typical classification of symmetric algorithms. DES (Data Encryption Standard) was the first symmetric algorithm to be introduced by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) in 1974. DES uses one 64-bits key and many attacks have been recorded in literature against it and that caused the need to propose 3DES (Triple DES). Triple DES (3DES) uses three 64-bits keys. Therefore, 3DES applies 3 times the core encryption method of DES however this makes it slower than other symmetric algorithms (Nadeem and Javed, 2005). In addition, NIST introduced AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) in 1997 as replacement of DES. AES uses various (128,192,256) bits keys. Yet Brute Force attack was the only effective unlocking mechanism against it trying all character combinations. Bruce Schneiers Blowfish encryption method is even stronger with no effective attack to have been recorded since its release in 1993. Its effectiveness relies on using variable length key (32-448) and 128-bit is its default and a 64-bit block size although taking the risk of allowing the definition of weak keys (Nadeem and Javed, 2005). Running simulation tests, Nadeem and Javed (2005) showed that Blowfish has better performance than other symmetric algorithms and no any security weak points to its record. AES and 3DES showed poor performance since it requires more processing power. Similar results have been produced in (Elminaam et al, 2009). ASSYMETRIC ALGORITHMS Nowadays confidential messages around the world are encrypted and decrypted relying on asymmetric techniques. This is because the key used for encryption and decryption is not the same but rather it relies on a key distribution mechanism which is called public-private key distribution. Confidential messages are encrypted using the public key and can only be decrypted using the private key. RSA, DSA, ELGAMAL, TLS, PGP are some of the examples of asymmetric algorithms. RSA is one of the well known public key (asymmetric type of) algorithms used for generating digital signatures over messages (Das and Madhavan, 2009). In addition, NIST published the Digital Signature Standard (DSS) in 1991 for generating digital signatures. DSS uses the SHA-1 algorithm for calculating the message digest of the plain message and then applies the DSA (Digital Signature Algorithm) for creating the digital signature of the message based on the message digest. DSA is only used for performing digital signatures. It cannot be used for encryption and this is the main difference with RSA (Das and Madhavan, 2009). COMPARING SYMMETRIC AND ASSYMETRIC CRYPTOGRAPHY TECHNIQUES Advantages and disadvantages of symmetric algorithms are illustrated in the table below (Panda and Kumar, 2011): Advantages Disadvantages Simple method of encryption Agree a priori a secret key before any message exchange Encryption of personal user files and messages Maintain multiple keys one for each pair of message exchange or collaboration Faster than asymmetric techniques Sharing the secret key does not prove authenticity of sender or receiver of messages Requires less computer resources Key management is a task requiring significant effort Key compromise to a communication pair does not affect communication with other pairs Key exchange should also be a secure process requiring the implementation of its own secure channel Can use the same publicly known algorithm for encryption strength of security depends on size of key Advantages and disadvantages of symmetric algorithms are illustrated in the table below (Panda and Kumar, 2011): Advantages Disadvantages Makes convenient the key distribution as only the public keys are shared Public key generation and distribution is required for activating the encryption mechanism requiring a verification process in its own Digital signatures are generated through public key encryption hence verifying the authenticity of the sender It is rather slow in comparison to symmetric algorithms and is not preferred for short messages Messages accompanied by digital signature cannot be modified during transfer It requires a lot more processing power Digitally signing a message is equivalent to a physical signature thus the recipient of the message cannot deny the authenticity of the sender Losing a private key can cause can cause widespread security compromise as all messages can be read HYBRID approaches The main disadvantage of asymmetric algorithms is their slowness is comparison to the symmetric algorithms. One way to address this issue in many applications, is to apply a combination of both. A typical integration approach is the following: use asymmetric keys for authentication then one or more symmetric keys can be generated and exchanged using the asymmetric encryption. Typical examples of this procedure are the RSA/IDEA combination of PGP2 or the DSA/BLOWFISH used by GnuPG. For instance, Mantoro and Zakariya (2010) proposed a secure method of e-mail communication for Android-based mobile devices using a hybrid cryptosystem which combines AES 128 bit (symmetric) encryption, RSA 1024 bit (asymmetric) encryption and SHA-1 (hash) function. This approach had been tested with plain text but not with email attachments or communication between Android devices and other mobile platforms. PGP Configuration One of the main applications of public key encryption techniques is in the PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) program for data communication. It is primarily used for signing, encrypting emails, files, text and anything else that is involved in email communication (Zimmermann, 1995). RSA key of 1024 bits are still considered secure (given the available options of 512, 1024, 2048 bits). On the other hand, Kaliski (2003) considers that an 1024-bit RSA key can be broken in one year and that an 2048-bit RSA public key is secure enough for a PGP configuration which includes also the AES and the SHA-1 algorithm. RSA/IDEA/MD5 or any other other similar configuration is less secure according to Lenstra and Verheul (2003). PGP works as follows (Benz, 2001): compresses the plain message in order to reduce the pattern of the typical plaintext creates a session key which is a random number, usually generated given mouse movements or keystrokes a symmetric encryption algorithm is applied on the random number (e.g. Triple DES, Twofish, CAST, or AES) to generate a one-time-only secret key (session key) additional input might be required by the user if the collected information is not sufficient enough (e.g. additional mouse movements, keystrokes) the session key is used along a symmetric algorithm to encrypt the message to a ciphertext. The session key is also encrypted using an asymmetric technique such as RSA The recipient receives the ciphertext along with the public key-encrypted session key. Indeed the combination of the two encryption methods exploits the convenience of public-key encryption with the speed of symmetric encryption (Benz, 2001). Symmetric encryption is about 100 to 1,000 times faster than public-key encryption, solving the problem of slow encryption which asymmetric algorithms suffer from. Public-key encryption provides a solution to key distribution and data transmission issues. Hence, performance and key distribution are improved by combining both approaches without any sacrifice in security. On the othe hand, the PGP process described above can be a complex process for users requiring though some training. Apart of awareness it is important both parties to have installed PGP-compatible programs to be able to exchange PGP messages (Benz, 2001). PGP2 Configuration PGP2 implements the public key encryption using the RSA and IDEA algorithms to provide secure electronic mail communication either between individuals or known sources (e.g. EDI). This approach of authentication through cryptography ensures that the encrypted message does not provide any information that it is carrying even if it is intercepted by attackers. The recipient of the mail can decrypt the mail using the associated private or public key (Simmons, 1993). This approach verifies that the recipient is certain that the message is from the original sender and the contents has not been changed or lost during data transmission from sender to recipient. Furthermore, a digital signature can be attached together with the mail to further confirm the identity of the sender. This approach complements password authentication and is therefore utilized in interpersonal communication between known parties. Similar combination of asymmetric and symmetric encryption techniques can be generalized to other application domains involving collaboration between large groups. Common prerequisite is to obtain the secret key information before the recipient is able to decrypt the mail. HARDWARE-BASED IMPLEMENTATION OF RSA/IDEA ENCRYPTION A VLSI implementation of an encryption process, which combines RSA for key exchange and IDEA for block encryption, are proposed in (Buldas and Poldre, 1997). The encryption process consists of 8 rounds. Each around contains 16-bit modular additions and multiplications which simulate the integer calculations used in RSA. Also the key inversion algorithms for both ciphers are similar. When the circuit is in block encryption mode it starts the IDEA cipher process.One The IDEA cipher applies 128-bit key for block encryption. GnuPG Configuration The aim of GnuPG was to create a digital signature mechanism which would be compatible with OpenPGP but at the same time it should avoid the use of patented algorithms like RSA. GnuPG provides therefore encryption and decryption services based on a range of both symmetric and asymmetric algorithms (Garloff and Jaeger, 2000). Keyring: is the key management solution of GnuPG maintaining a database of private keys and a range of corresponding public keys Hashing modules verify the authenticity of the public keys Web of trust: a collection of signatures which have been declared as trusted by other users form a web of trusted keys In comparison to PGP2, GnuPG rejects emai;s signed with RSA and IDEA keys, potentially been produced by PGP2. And vice versa, PGP2 rejects emails signed with DSA/ELGAMAL keys from GnuPG. GnuPG is compatible with PGP5 (Garloff and Jaeger, 2000). Conclusion In this paper we illustrated that symmetric and asymmetric techniques in cryptography have their own advantages and disadvantages. Symmetric algorithms are better in performance than asymmetric methods, and require all parties to share a key before they collaborate. The asymmetric ciphers allow public key infrastructures and key exchange systems, but they consume a lot of processing resources. A hybrid cryptosystem is an approach forward which combines multiple algorithms of different types, in order to exploit the best advantage of each type. One typical approach is to apply a symmetric module to generate a random secret key, and then apply an asymmetric module to encrypt this key using as input the receivers public key. After that, the message is also encrypted using the symmetric algorithm and the secret key. Both the encrypted secret key and the ciphertext of the message are then sent to the receiver. Since it is insufficient to use a single kind of cryptographic algorithm in applications, the hybrid approach in cryptography fills the gap of efficiency or performance of each of the types of cryptography (symmetric, asymmetric) along with the objectives of confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, and trust between two communication parties. This need is generalized to any type of collaboration between individuals (email exchange, group collaboration, file sharing, etc).

Critique of The Breakfast Club Essay -- The Breakfast Club Movies Film

Critique of The Breakfast Club Breakfast Club is a comedy that was released in 1985. It was written, produced and directed by John Hughes. It’s about five teenage students from different social groups when forced to spend a Saturday together in detention they find themselves interacting with and understanding each other for the first time. A jock, Emilio Estevez, a stoner, Judd Nelson, a princess, Molly Ringwald, a basket case, Ally Sheedy, and a brain, Anthony Michael Hall, talk about everything from parental tension to sex to peer pressure to hurtful stereotypes while serving the eight hours in a library. Ultimately, the five find that they may have more in common than they ever imagined and learn more about themselves as well as each other. It begins with loud rock music playing as a quote from a David Bowie song is on a black background. It shatters like glass to show the high school that they are spending their detention in while the brain, Brian, is talking in the background, the movie ends like this also. While he says different things there are parts of the school that are cut to. An example would be when he is talking about a criminal they show a locker that says, â€Å"Open this locker and you will die fag!!!† written in black marker on it. The rest of the story takes place in the school library and what the five students do while their principle isn’t looking. At one point they smoke marijuana and the boy that is a jock breaks a glass door. They also put music on and dance around all over the library. One of the main characters John Bender, who they call Bender, is the criminal. He lights his shoe on fire to light a cigarette, he pulls apart books, and he steals the screw from the door that is suppose to be open so it closes and the principal can’t watch them. He ends up getting two months more of detention for telling of the principal by talking back to the principal. While that section of the movie is going on the camera angle makes the principal look really big because Bender is sitting down and the camera angle is angled up at the principal. Later in the movie he has all of them running in the hallway to go get marijuana. They are about to get caught but he tells the rest of the group to go back to the library and he takes the blame for not being in the library. The principal finds him and takes him to a closet by himself to sit for the ... ...ays in them. This movie was the bases of all other teenage movies. The story was on teenage love and how one got to the point of the first kiss, which all movies have in it now. It didn’t really change people but it made people laugh. It is one of those movies that is out there to make people laugh and want that to happen to them. In the technical sense it wasn’t very difficult to make, but the camera angles showed every side of every character. An example would be when Bender and Andrew are arguing the camera keeps changing from Bender to Andrew but different parts of their faces. Another example is when the principal is giving Bender the other two months on detention. The principal is standing and Bender is sitting. The shoots keep changing from Bender to the principal. The camera angle makes the principal look bigger then he really is and it shows Benders different reactions to what is going on. In conclusion, this movie is not a difficult movie to make but the acting had to be perfect and the camera angles had an effect in the movie. It’s a somewhat realistic movie. Voice over is used and it’s like a story being told to describe the essay that Brian writes for all of them.

Aiding Education Essays -- Essays Papers

Aiding Education A look at what the U.S. must do to improve education for the poor. Introduction The public educational system in the United States is in desperate need of rejuvenation. The US’s standards are not up to par with other industrialized nations and because of this children don’t learn the fundamental skills required to become productive members of society. This trend is especially noticeable in areas of high poverty where schools do not have access to adequate resources to provide help for students that need it. Both the federal government and the states themselves have taken measures to right the course of the American educational system, but thus far the gains have been meager at best. In examining the current state of the United States’ educational system with respect to areas of significant poverty, it is important to determine what caused this country’s system to decay to such a dangerous levels, what is currently being done to correct the situation, and what more needs to be done in the future. How the states are helping fix the problem Annual test results like those from a recent MCAS exam (Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System) confirm what most of us already believe to be true: the communities with the lowest test scores are those with the highest levels of poverty. The strong correlation between poverty and poor academic performance has been evident to those in education for some time. The fact that it lingers and is in fact worsening in many areas begs the question: what are states doing to reverse this trend? (Brown) Because of the dire need for change with regards to education, state and federal policy makers alike have become increasingly focused on generating acceptable... ...r states to continue adjusting their funding methods and for the federal government to start living up to its promises. Bibliography Berliner, David. Vouchers: No Solution to Educating the Poor. http://www.asu.edu/educ/epsl/EPRU/point_of_view_essays/cerai-00-37a.htm Feb 22, 2002. Brown, Eileen. â€Å"Educating America’s New Majority.† http://www.inmotionmagazine.com/er/newmaj1.html Cardiff, Chris. â€Å"Education: What About the Poor?† http://www.fee.org/vnews.php?nid=221 Carey, Kevin. â€Å"State Poverty-Based Education Funding: A Survey of Current Programs and Options for Improvement.† November 7, 2000. Ourfuture.org. â€Å"Bush’s Budget Fails Education.† http://www.ourfuture.org/issues_and_campaigns/education/20040202_edu_budget.cfm. Rebora. Anthony. â€Å"No Child Left Behind.† http://www.edweek.org/context/topics/issuespage.cfm?id=59 May 26, 2004.

Dangers of Fast Food Essay -- Essays on Fast Food

It's quick, it's convenient, it's delicious. Fast food is the most popular quick-service nourishment. It plays an important roll in the lives that we humans so perfectly laid out for ourselves. Why try cooking when you can get food at a much faster rate? To most people, fast food is the answer to all of our problems. It is good in every possible way, or is it? Although some might deny the consequences, we all know there is a steep price to pay. So here by today, I am asking you to have a closer look at the hidden dangers. In my opinion, we should free the world of fast food because, not only are they adding the amount of cruelty to animals and draining money out of our pockets, they're also taking great risk of the health of billions of people. Ever since the world?s first fast food restaurant started business, it has been responsible for the death of 50 billion animals worldwide each year. It?s an astounding number, yet the slaughtering is still increasing rapidly. The irresistible taste of heaven keeps the cash coming in, and keeps the people addicted. ?Meat is an essential part of our food-chain.? One might say. ?We can?t all live our lives being vegetarians!? It?s true that we can?t stop the butchering of animals. But if you were to witness the horrifying pictures of slaughter houses, you?d think differently. The pigs all have their skin sliced open to revel the organs, while chickens hang with their furless wings flapping. Just because of our selfish needs, we?re treating them with violence and cruelty. It is time for some real action, to correct our mistakes. It was wrong in the first place, to slaughter others for our own benefits. And it would be more so, if we don?t put a stop to it. And because we humans are. .. ... convenience, and forget all the dangers? Do we want to pay the price of our physical condition just for better tasting food? If we get rid of fast food, we can not only help people make healthier choices, but also save the lives of millions of people. Having fast food makes our lives more convenient in all ways. You no longer have to wait in long line ups, and can get food at a much fast rate. Yet, how can we still permit fast food when it is doing harm to our society? They no only increase the slaughtering and death of billions of animals, but are also costing us more than we can afford. But not important of all, they are putting millions of lives at risk. Just for a quicker and more delicious meal. We must forbid fast food from ever reaching the shelves. And every time you open up a package of MacDonald?s ask yourself this question. ?Am I making the right choice

English speech Essay

Morning/Afternoon, fellow students. As all of you have had the unfortunate task to study belonging as part of the hsc, and many of you are sitting here zoning my speech out but belonging to people and place is one of the main reasons why we want to belong. In Orson Scott Card’s novel Enders Game it is a major struggle for young Ender Wiggin and he feels like he will never belong. Belonging is not welcomed but is still portrayed deeply in Sean Penn’s film Into the Wild with Chris McCandless never fully understanding the concept of belonging. These texts demonstrate belonging both differently and similarly to Steven Herrick’s free-verse novel The Simple Gift. The human kind has always looked for people to belong to as it is one the most basic instincts for us humans to look for. Sean Penn had the challenge to demonstrate the life of Chris McCandless. At the age 22 from an affluent background Chris felt like he did not belong in the life he was living and unlike most people his age he got and left his life behind him and â€Å"risked†¦ a relentlessly lonely path†. Penn uses narration to explain how Chris had the ability to belong to a father like man (Ron) but instead Chris continued to walk down the lonely path. Through the flashbacks in scenes on Chris’s life with Rainey and Jan Burres, who practically begged Chris to stay with them and have the chance to belong but still he didn’t take that chance. Sean Penn is able to illustrate that Chris’s understanding of belonging was obscure. But still Chris couldn’t find the ability to belong to other people and took his whole lifetime to understand that â€Å"Happiness is only real when shared.† In The Simple Gift Billy a similar person to Chris but unlike Chris, Billy had the ability to belong to people and was able to settle down because of his sense of belonging. Orson Scott Card’s protagonist Andrew Wiggin also known as ‘Ender’ was born into a post-modern society and he is referred to as genetically perfect and intellectually smarter and the age of 8 he was asked to leave home and go to train to become the best military leader. The men in charge have one job and it â€Å"is to produce the best soldiers in the World†. Through the uses of irony of creating a child soldier Mazor Rackham (man in charge) assumed that there  would no consequences to Ender’s life, from creating a child military leader, thus this caused Ender to never belong to anyone. Graff (the man who trained Ender) â€Å"wanted to help Ender† but would rather create a better soldier. Through the contradiction of Graff wanting to help Ender but Graff being determined to create a better soldier, which forced Ender into isolation and had no one to belong too. Orson Scott Card is able to portray the effects of lack of belonging on Ender and show how it affects people. Alike to the Simple Gift and Into the Wild both protagonists never felt belonging with their parents. Even both characters may not have faced such a harsh lack of belonging compared to Ender but both Billy and Chris still new the toll it can take on someone. Most people want to belong to a place which causes people to search for belonging and the ability to call a place home. Orson Scott Card’s novel Ender’s Game try’s to demonstrate, how Ender struggled to belong to places but believed that Battle School was â€Å"the only place in the universe where he belonged.† Card uses hyperbole to help the audience understand that the child Ender had made an attachment and belonged to place and thought it as home. When Ender got forced to move on from the only place Ender liked â€Å"He hated it. He wanted to go back home, back to the Battle School.† Through short sentencing Card is able to illustrate that when ender arrives back to his original home he did not belong. The audience is able to understand the desperation for young Ender to get back to his home and belong. Similar to Ender’s Game, The Simple Gift Billy did not now what to do when he knew that he might have to leave his newly founded home. In Sean Penn’s film Into the Wild belonging is not part of Chris’s vocabulary. Chris as a young man had lived in more places than most people can imagine. Chris’s lack of belonging to these places causes him to keep moving from place to place even though he had the chance to belong. Through compressed time of the film shows Chris constantly moving around and demonstrate to the audience that Chris does not understand belonging and missed the happiness he was looking for. At the end of Chris’s life he is able to determine what the true meaning of happiness is and that he had the chance to belong. Through the close up of Chris’s last breath facial expressions shows sadness that Chris had places to belong too but in his dyeing breath he knew that he had missed his chance . Through  this the audience is able to understand that Chris knew that he had the chance to belong to many places. Even though both Ender’s Game and The Simple Gift had places to belong both Ender at his house and Billy at Nowheres Vile, knew how it felt not to belong to a place. Fitting into a place or being able to belong to a group of people is a significant part of the normal person’s life. Sean Penn was able to direct Into the Wild and is able to portray Chris and his very different understanding of belonging. Orson Scott Card’s novel Ender’s Game was able to illustrate the effects of what little belonging can do people. Through these texts and The Simple Gift all three composers were able to demonstrate similar and differently the effects of belonging to people and place.

Erp Project Oracle vs Asap

green light natural selection Planning (ERP) chore Students institute Registration number Course ap maculationee Table of Contents ABSTRACT3 INTRODUCTION5 VENDOR OVERVIEW8 INTRODUCTION8 run over8 vaticinator9 business line FUNCTIONS13 yield14 Sales14 Support serve15 External avail15 craft FUNCTIONS back up BY ORACLE AND mark16 TECHNOLOGY program FROM eject AND ORACLE19 COST analogy in the midst of wear d avouch AND ORACLE20 EASE OF USE22 ERP MODULES23 vaticinators Financial circumspection Analytics23 seer infobase 11g endeavor interlingual rendition24 VENDOR SELECTION27 ERP emergence LIFE hertz28 cooking stove AND COMMITMENT dress28 analytic thinking AND DESIGN29 ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT STAGE30IMPLEMENTATION STAGE30 OPERATIONAL STAGE30 Biblio interprety31 ABSTRACT set-back step imagery planning (ERP) is a constitution that conflates either the internal and extraneous enjoymen dining table units of an face, the practicable units whitetho rn be manufacturing, pay, storage, precaution, hex, node ecstasy etcetera in piece to integrate alone the schemes answeral unit into a flaw little and proportionate clay, com caster softw argon submit been substantial by several(predicate) vendors, these softw be may be custom do for a particular arranging or they may be general for aim by both administration (Jerferson, 2010).ERP bodys atomic number 18 put in place to improve on the efficiency of knowl frame in circumspection of the organization, lendly the selective information from the contrary units of the organization be cutd by the softw ar administration and is unremarkably stored in a inter compound location c all(prenominal)ed a swear show upr, the horde may be physically located in the organization or it may be a rea rockic one on the internet, the virtual serve routines a engine room called asperse computation.The ERP scheme normally contains modules that be specialized su b- formations that ar task-oriented, these modules include human imaging, production planning, pecuniary planning, prize instruction, materials counsel, deals and distri plainlyion, importanttenance, controlling, asset precaution, purge prudence and industry solutions. The ERP packet program ar developed and sold by vendors down the stairs different aims, the highest level is the extensive go-ahead ERP level I which include vendors much(prenominal) as skim, prophesier and Microsoft, this level is for larger endeavours with complex communication protocols mingled with so m about(prenominal) puzzle outal units.The second level is the mid grocery store ERP tier II which include vendors much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as Infor, QAD, Lawson, sage and IFS, these ERP softw be argon suit of c gagehesable for mediocre companies that have reasonable complexity in call of information attention. The last level is the subtile strain ERP tier III, vend ors of these ERP systems include Exact Globe, Syspro, Net rooms and Visibility, ERP bundle in this be satisfactory for small argumentationes with simple information attention systems (Jerferson, 2010).In this shake off, a detailed summary of a hypothetic universitys information forethought system is do, and then an ERP software lead be selected from one of the devil vendors, SAP or prophet. The selection provide be base on the steps of the ERP teaching invigoration cycle, the cycle leave behind occupy all the tired phases of an ERP information life cycle. The major activities of the university include pro ken of education, re look to activities and confederacy overhaul. The blend inal units of the university include the academics affairs, inance discussion section, module administration, medical examination operate, trade and public dealing, central store, catering, students salutary-being and tone assurance. The project allow sorb apart the softw are modules that are provided by vaticinator and SAP, a detailed investigation on the suit magnate of the deuce exit as vigorous be made, and then one of them result be selected for use as the universitys ERP system. This selection will be base on facts and will be as systematic as the ERP development cycle.INTRODUCTION on that bear witness are several(prenominal) ERP vendors in the military manwide market, each is fighting to be the possessive brand, and as a result, stiff competitor between the vendors is taking place. Each vendor is engineering better ERP software to pluck the nodes attention and suffer their ineluctably, virtually of the vendors are SAP, visionary, Microsoft, Lawson, sage and IFS. In this project, the deuce nigh dominant vendors in the market will be analyzed, these are SAP and vaticinator.The two vendors had a total market share of 55% between the year 2005 and 2009, and they have developed a wide range of products that are tailored to sui t several organizations, be it military, organisation or industrial (Jerferson, 2010). SAP and visionary are both in the large enterprise tier I category and they have mainly inventioned products to suit this segment of the market, however, nowadays they are underdeveloped ERP software for midmarket tier II. The project will take a hypothetical university as a case theater of operations, the university offers a assortment of courses and has a number of campuses distributed all everyplace the country.As part of the guidance policy, the university is divided into several departments that represent the task functions of a infer organization, the departments are- 1. Academics affairs This department deals with the plaza business of the university, which is provision of education, the department swots the timetables, assigns lecturers to the different units, manages the curriculum, manages the students results, ensures that all the university policies are adhered to and org anizes the tests and exams. 2. aboriginal storeIn this department, they receive anything that is supplied by the suppliers. The central store as well as invents requisitions for general materials such(prenominal) as stationery, cater uniforms, sanitary consumables etc. but they dont make avers for special materials that are specific to a certain department only such as machinery, info assistors, furniture etc. 3. pay This department deals with the concern and controlling of the universitys budgets, it alike deals with observe and focusing of the crop fees as well as the add together salaries and allowances.The department relies intemperately on computer software to ask out its function activities, all information is stored in a central server. 4. Students welfare The students wellbeing is taken care by this department, activities such as sports, festivals, parties, concerts are organized, monitored and financed by this department. 5. tender choice The recrui tment of in the raw members of stave, promotions and disciplinal procedure for misconduct of staff are all carried out by this department. The department similarly carries out teach programs for members of staff. . Catering This department manages the catering operate at the students and staff cafeterias, the department as well as makes orders for all the ingredients they need for preparing the food on the menu for the different days. The gross revenue from the cafeteria are non managed by the catering department, they are managed by the finance department. 7. Medical service The students and health needs are meet by this department, the staff in this department include doctors, nurses and pharmacists.They overcompensate any sick student or staff for free, but they use software to keep their info such as medical records, inventory and lab results. 8. domain relations This department deals with uplifting the universitys image, maintaining good relations with other(a) stake holders and promoting the university at different levels of the socioeconomic setup. 9. Other department Other smaller departments include quality assurance office, advertising department and repairs and maintenance, deportation and research institute. VENDOR OVERVIEW INTRODUCTION SAPSAP AG is a software confederation bear witness in Germany that makes enterprise software, the company was founded in June 1972 and was started by former IBM engineers, the company was ab initio called transcriptionanalyse und Programmentwicklung (System analysis and Program knowledge) but the get to was later changed to Systemanalyse und Programmentwicklung (System synopsis and Program Development), in 2005, the name was officially changed to SAP AG, SAP AG was include in the German stock index DAX in 1995 and was included in the Dow Jones STOXX 50 in 2003 (Lea rouge, 2013).Currently, SAP is the world leader in the sale of business and database software with a market share of 32%. Some of the main products of SAP are- CATEGORY tract NAME stemma Analytics ripe(p) planner And Optimizer Business Information Warehouse accession opening substitution Component Governance, take chances And Compliance Human resourcefulness vigilance Systems Knowledge Warehouse earnings exertion Server Catalog Content centering Hana proviso Chain achievement wariness planning And Event prudence Manufacturing scale information charge Service And rise to power guidanceIndustry Oil And boast Healthcare Telecommunication populace empyrean Utilities sell Small and midsize enterprises Business whiz Business ByDesign Other CCMS Sapgui eCATT Central fulfill Scheduling Solution theatre director ORACLE prophet is an Ameri evoke database and business management software company that was founded in 1977, its primary name was Software Development Laboratories, in 1979 the name was changed to Relational Software Incorporation, the name was changed again i n 1982 to vaticinator Systems conjunction and lastly it was renamed prophet Corporation in 1995 (Wikipedia, 2013).Oracle is ranked as the worlds third largest software maker afterwards Microsoft and IBM by revenue, however, it is ranked second in as an ERP software maker by market share after SAP. Oracle had a market share of 23% in ERP software between 2005 and 2009 plot of ground SAP had a staggering 32% market share. Some of Oracles products are listed on a lower floor CATEGORY piece of ground NAME employments Oracle E-Business Suite Enterprise transaction management Financial management Oracle fusion applications Oracle CRM on demand Customer relation management Hyperion JD Edwards world JD Edwards enterprise one Human enceinte management command data management Primavera Web commerce Sustainability procurement Project management Siebel Supply reach management Database Oracle database 11g enterprise form Oracle database 11g standard chance variable Oracle database 11g standard form one vigorous data guard Advanced certificate Airline data model Database credentials Express edition Label security department MySQL OLAP Oracle database doojigger Database vault NoSQL database sound backup Secure enterprise search Engineered systems Oracle big data whatchamacallum Oracle database appliance Oracle exadata database machine Oracle exalogic elastic cloud SPARC superCluster T4-4 lie ZFS storage appliance Enterprise management action management Application action management Application quality management Cloud management Database management computer hardware management Lifecycle management Middleware management Oracle enterprise manager 12c Java coffeeFX Oracle JDeveloper Java broadcast Micro edition Java weapons platform standard edition Oracle java SE entourage Netbeans IDE Oracle java SE brave Middleware Application grid Application server Collaboration doorway Linux Developer tools W eblogic Webcenter SOA Identity management Others Solaris Servers (hardware) Integrated management Sun calamus clients Virtual desk crimp infrastructure From the list, it fag be seen that Oracle makes more products than SAP, this may explain why their revenue is higher. BUSINESS FUNCTIONSBusiness functions are the routine tasks performed in order to achieve the goal of an organization. The watch beneath shows the business functions (LLC, 2002). These functions are similar for just almost all types of organization, but in some organization some functions are altogether omitted based on the products or services offered. The figure beneath shows the most usual business functions of any organization. A legal brief description of the business functions is given to a lower place Production look and development in this level, the organization develops bleak products and freshfangled designs for real products.Tests, experiments and survey are the characteristic activitie s of this phase, data collected from tests and experiments is stored, managed and utilized by the organizations decision makers Production and quality this is a major function and usually represents the biggest part of the organization in terms of human resource, at this level, the production is managed, plan and planned. Effective machine and staff invent is a very important scene in this function, the quality and production evaluate are controlled based on the data received from the sales and design team.Distribution and Logistics this function deals with the supply chain, it manages the raw materials and the final products. The activities that square off under this function include the coordination of storage of raw and finished products, management of transport and staff who directly deal with the supply chain. Sales Sales under this function, the human relationship between the organization and its client comes in, the sales team presents the products to the clients in a comfortable and persuasive manner, the team overly makes tenders, proposals, invoices etc. o the customers. The team similarly gives feedback to the research, development and selling teams on the status of customer satisfaction. merchandising the marketing department deals with promoting the products of the organization, marketing will involve managing the packaging, advertising, forecasting, budgeting, pricing and planning. Carrying out market research and survey is also a key role compete under this function Support services finance this is a key function in any organization, even for non-profitable organizations. wariness of cash and budgeting are the key activities in this function, the finance department records the incomes and expenditures of the organization and carries out coming(prenominal) planning in terms of increase the income and reducing the expenditure. figuring the use of computers has get under ones skin just about mandatory for any business, therefore, h aving computing make services is very important. In this category, the organizations database, net attain and software are effectively managed.Human resource it deals with recruitment of new members of staff, promotion of staff, formulation of contracts and telephone line descriptions for the staff, training of the staff and carrying out disciplinary tasks concerning the staff. Materials under this category, the requirements of the organization are set and then the potential suppliers are contacted, the bells are negotiated and the purchase orders are prepared. The staffs working in this area have to closely work with the production team as well as other teams in order to ensure that all teams in the organization have the necessary materials.External services hire accountants the accountants carry out audits to validate the companys accounts, they also give advice on matters relating to tax and other issues related to the monetary resource of the organization. trouble consult ants the consultants carry out surveys on the organizations policies, procedures, methods, governance and administration. hence they use the data from the surveys to recommend changes to the areas that have any flaws or require improvements.Recruitment sureness they carry out job interviews for recruitment purposes, they look for the necessary skills ask by the organization and recommend to the human resource department a list of thunder mugdidates who toilette high hat fit in the job. publicizing in most organizations, advertising is make by the marketing team, but in large organization, a separate impertinent body is charged with advertising the organizations products and services. The advertisers will propose to the management the best admittance to get an edge over the competitors.Market research this place also be through by the marketing department or by an external agency, surveys, data analysis, drawing conclusions from the analysis and formulating recommendations are the main tasks in market research. Public relations this has recently become a very important business function for more or less all organization, the public relations department uplifts and maintains the image of the organization, they answer to any inquiries made, carry out exhibitions, attend and organize conferences and also prepare press releases, brochures and newsletters.BUSINESS FUNCTIONS back up BY ORACLE AND SAP From the list of business functions and the list of packages of the two vendors, it is blue to see that the two vendors have packages for almost all the business functions, packages such as procurement, Human capital, JD Edwards world, Master data management, Database security, Database management etc. from oracle cover almost all the business functions. SAP also has packages that check business functions these packages included Supply Chain Performance Management, Human Resource Management Systems, Manufacturing, Business One, Central form Scheduling etc . the table beneath compares the two vendors in their ability to accompaniment business functions, BUSINESS FUNCTION back up SAP ORACLEResearch and development * Master Data Management * Central serve up Scheduling * Analytics * Solution Manager * Project management * Master data management, Advanced security * Active data guard * Application management * Database management * Collaboration * Identity management Production and quality * CCMS * Business One * Utilities * Manufacturing * Advanced Planner And Optimizer * Integrated management * ironware management * Lifecycle management * Application performance management * Oracle exalogic elastic cloud * Database security * Siebel Distribution and Logistics * Central Process Scheduling * Service And plus Management * Supply Chain Performance * Management * Catalog Content Management * Central Process Scheduling * Service And Asset Management * Supply Chain Performance * Management * Catalog Content Management Sales * Business B yDesign * Retail * Master Data Management * portal vein * profit Transaction Server * Business ByDesign * Retail * Master Data Management * Portal * Internet Transaction Server Marketing * Training And Event Management * Analytics * Application quality management * Project management * Enterprise performance management Finance * Enterprise Central Component * Internet Transaction Server * Master Data Management * Service And Asset Management * Business One * Business ByDesign * JD Edwards world * Financial management * Oracle E-Business Suite * Web commerce * MySQL * Oracle database appliance * Database vault * Database management Human resource * Human Resource Management Systems * Training And Event Management * Human capital management TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM FROM SAP AND ORACLE Technology platform refers to the ability to create or edit a software on an existing or future system, different ERP vendors have platforms that support their range of products and even their rivals product s, this assistances in allowing the customer to purchase a mixture of products from the alike(p) vendor or from two or more vendors. The table below shows the technology platforms of the two vendors SAP Oracle Sapgui * NetWeaver * Enterprise Workspaces * Cloud * SAP StreamWork * Mobility * Sybase Unwired Platform * Sybase Afaria * Project Gateway * Duet Enterprise * In-Memory Computing * Virtual desktop infrastructure * Developer tools * Linux * Portal * Application grid * Oracle java SE support * Netbeans IDE * Java platform standard edition * Java platform Micro edition * Oracle JDeveloper * javaFX * Application server * Collaboration The table below shows the technology platform of the two In terms of the operating systems they support and other platforms. SAP ORACLE * Windows * Open reference * Web Based * Linux WindowsLinuxUnix COST COMPARISON BETWEEN SAP AND ORACLEThe total speak to of implementing an ERP project is the total amount pay to put the system in place, it inv olve the purchase of the system, the constitute of implementing the changes required for the system to work and the salaries and wages of the personnel who work in the system. In term of the initial cost, SAP has a higher price than Oracle, SAP has maintained their high account rates because their focus is mainly on larger enterprises, so the price seems illogical for small and medium enterprises, and therefore, most customer rank SAP as the most expensive (Jerferson, 2010). However, SAP has the lowest median(a) cost overrun at about 8% over budget but Oracle had the highest cost overrun at about 15%, which is almost look-alike that of SAP.The payback period for SAP is 13 months small-arm that of Oracle stands at 11 months (Jerferson, 2010). According to a research conducted by Panorama consulting group, the project cost for the two vendors were as depicted on the graph below It end be seen that the two normally go beyond the evaluate budget (at 53. 6% SAP, 52. 6% Oracle) su ggesting that the budgeted cost for ERP projects are likely to be less than the actual budget by an bonnie of 53. 1% (Jerferson, 2010). The tables below were extracted from Nucleus Research and they were comparing the costs of SAP and Oracle (Jerferson, 2010). EASE OF USE The ease of use of an ERP system displace be compared by looking at the customers satisfaction after purchasing the software. 2% of SAPs customers were satisfied spot 74% of Oracles customer were satisfied, this indicates that Oracles software are easier to use than SAPs software but the margin between the two was very close (Jerferson, 2010). ERP MODULES The two modules were selected from Oracle, and they are Oracles Financial Management Analytics This module provides the top pecuniary management team with a good sagacity into the status of the financial department and the financial results, it offers a unified solution that can be deployed fastly and contains packaged dashboards and analytics tools that he lp give a quick acumen into the status of the financial system.This module supports the financial business function, finance involves a lot of staff and workload, and the staffs carry out routine tasks that can be repeated daily, weekly, semi-annually or annually. These records are often kept in files and this poses a huge challenge when the top management needs a quick insight or review into the results. Oracles Financial Management Analytics automates this system and maintains the records in a database system so that they can be accessed easily. The working convention of Analytics is depicted in the figure below (Oracle, 2012). The key features of Analytics are shown in the table below FEATURE DESCRIPTION executive View Gross increase By Region, Income By Region, Net Cash string up Process Management Metrics, inclination Analysis, general/Entity StatusFinancial Close history Summary Summary, Graphs, Milestones, Compensation Performance Indicators balances form On Year Com parison Table, Ratio Components, Ratio abbreviate Analysis profits And Loss Summary Income Statement, Variance Analysis, Trend Profit And Loss Gross Profit Variance Analysis, Gross Profit By Product, Trend Gross Profit residue Sheet Consolidating Balance Sheet, Metrics, Variance Analysis, Trend Balance Sheet Cash proceed Cash Flow Summary, Consolidation, Variance Analysis Current Analysis Variance Analysis This module supports the finance business function, this is a key function in any organization, even for non-profitable organizations.Management of funds and budgeting are the key activities in this function, the finance department records the incomes and expenditures of the organization and carries out future planning in terms of increasing the income and reducing the expenditure. Oracle database 11g enterprise edition Oracles database 11g enterprise edition is a database management software that is suitable for small and medium sized enterprises, this module manages all the data in the organization and enables all the business applications to benefit from the performance, reliability, security and scalability of Oracles database 11g enterprise edition (Wikipedia, 2013). Oracles database 11g enterprise edition supports all standard data types such as XML, Text, Documents, Images, Audio, film and Location data.Access to data is via standard interfaces such as SQL, JDBC, SQLJ, ODBC . NET, OLE . NET and ODP . NET, SQL/XML and Xquery, and WebDAV. It also has some analytical tools for modeling in SQL-based systems (Wikipedia, 2013). The figure below shows the working principle of Oracles database 11g enterprise edition. DATA lineage affect DATA memory board substance abuser drug user member DATA STORE PROCESS DATA STORE PROCESS DATA STORE USER USER PROCESS DATA STORE PROCESS This module support several business functions, for example it supports the sales, finance, logistics, human resource management, production etc. by keeping all the relevant data i n a secure and organized manner for favorable access and retrieval when need.The two selected modules can perfectly fit in the universitys operation. The university has a finance department which deals with the management and controlling of the universitys budgets, it also deals with monitoring and management of the school fees as well as the staff salaries and allowances. The department relies heavily on computer software to carry out its daily activities. Oracles Financial Management Analytics can be used to manage the finance department of the university. Oracles database 11g enterprise edition can be used to manage all the university data including the students results, past and present exams, e-books, financial records, hospital records, timetables etc. VENDOR SELECTIONThe preferred vendor is Oracle, this is because, they are cheaper compared to SAP, the payback period is shorter than that of SAP and their customers enjoy higher rates of satisfaction. In addition, Oracle has better customer services than SAP and has a wider range of products to need from than SAP. The domain of the organization under study did affect the choice, the university is a service provider and not a manufacturing organization, hence, some of the modules needed in the manufacturing domain may not be needed by the service providing university. The size also modify the choice of the vendor, the university can be considered as a big enterprise with branches (campuses) in different regions, thus a powerful tier I ERP system would be required to manage the university. A customized version ofERP will be the most appropriate for use in the university, this is because, the university is a unique enterprise with unique types of data management protocols, some data can be accessed by a few authorized users while other types of data should be unattached for every user, the levels of authority in the university are different from those in other service providing enterprises. Therefore, a great deal of customization will be required if a prosperous ERP system is to be enforced, this is nevertheless, an expensive weft since customized ERP system cost more and take longer to implement. ERP DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE The ERP development life cycle can be summarized in a flow chart below (Motiwalla, 2010).SCOPE AND COMMITMENT STAGE This is the first spirit level of the cycle and it entails carrying out a feasibility study to jibe whether the ERP system will actually work and if it whole kit and caboodle (Motiwalla, 2010), will it benefit the university. In addition to this, the university will develop the scope of the performance based on the resources and time requirements. past the characteristics of the ERP death penalty are defined to determine what features should be included in the ERP and the customization it may need, the top managements cargo becomes very important at this degree and the short and long term vision for the new ERP system are formulated. Once this has been done, the suitable vendor is selected based on criterions such as price, reliability, payback period, customer support etc. The scope and commitments required at this stage include * Gap analysis an evaluation of the functions provided by the proposed ERP system is made and a comparison between the functions it can perform and the required functions is also made * Physical scope the number of users who will use the system, the location where the system will be implemented and the sites that will be addressed are considered at this point * BPR scope at this level, the users, department and sites affected are identified, the current processes are looked at to see if any changes will e required to implement the system * skilful scope evaluate the ERP system to establish if there are any modifications to be done on the system * Resource scope the time and money allocated to the project are determined at this point * Implementation scope the actual capital punishment is considered to determine which modules will be implemented and the link with the existing system ANALYSIS AND DESIGN At this stage, the ERP system is designed by the appointed teams, the user requirements are established, and the differences between the current business process and the ERP are identified and accommodated in the design (Motiwalla, 2010).Conversion of the data and the system is done at this point so that the new system is linked with the old one, a change in the management plan is also formulated to ensure successful implementation of the ERP system. Training of the staff on how to use the new system is also done at this stage. ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT STAGE The software is purchased from the vendor and the license is give for as well, tasks identified in the chap analysis are executed at this stage, the changes in the management are also implemented to allow for the proper functionality of the new ERP, the old data is transferred to the new system and finally the security of the new system is configured. IMPLEMENTATION STAGE The purchased software is installed and implemented, the approach used in implementation can be one of the following * Phased * operate * Parallel * Big bangEach of these approaches has its pros and cons, but for our case, the best approach would either be phased or parallel because these two would give the staff and the students enough time to adapt to the new system. OPERATIONAL STAGE This is the final stage of the cycle, the project team officially pass on over the system to the university, the university will own the system and shall be responsible for managing new releases, installation of the patches and upgrades and renewal of contracts and licenses with the vendor. Bibliography Jerferson, D. (2010). Battle of the Titans SAP vs ORACLE. Denver Panorama Consulting Group. Leakey, J. (2013, February 21). SAP AG. Retrieved February 22, 2013, from Wikipedia http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/SAP_AG LLC, A. P. (2002). Business Etiquette. London ILT. Mereddy, R. (2011).SAP basis Administration Handbook. unsanded Dehli McGraw-Hill. Motiwalla, L. F. (2010). Enterprise System for Management. New island of Jersey Pearson Education Incorporation. Oracle. (2012). Oracle Financial Management Analytics Data Sheet. California Oracle Press. Research, N. (2010). TCO study STUDY SAP VERSUS ORACLE JD EDWARDS. aluminium Nucleus REsearch Incorporation. SAP. (2013, February 19). SAP star sign Page. Retrieved February 22, 2013, from SAP http//www. sap. com/index. epx Wang, J. (2011). Oracle Database 11g. New York Oracle Press. Wikipedia. (2013, February 22). Oracle corporation. Retrieved February 22, 2013, from Wikipedia http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation