Write an essay outlining the strategic business objectives of an

Write an outlining the strategic business objectives of an information system, including a description of its management, organisation and technology components. Make use of diagrams where appropriate - Essay Example This paper focuses on the objectives played by information systems in an organization. It will also look into the management, business and technology components of the information systems. To begin, information systems refer to ‘the set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to support decision making, coordination and control in an organization.’ In addition to this information systems help in the analysis and solving of problems and; come up with products that are new in the markets (Laudon, and Jane, p12). Information systems have roles that they do play in organizations. ‘The network revolution and the internet’ is one of these roles. Over the years, there have been numerous developments in information systems. For instance, there are available software that are very easy to use, people can now analyse huge amounts of data and in an easy way (Beynon-Davies-Robert, & Chris, p134). These two features and many more, enable communication networks to be very powerful due to the computer technology. The internet is one of these communication networks, which is very vital for any company, regardless its size. The internet can connect numerous countries and is a platform for people in different fields to exchange information. Companies are able to use the internet to make business transactions, graphical presentations, documents, among other things. This happens very easily despite the distance between the different parties. The internet has different importance to any company. Collaboration and information is one of these roles. Whereby, people in an organization can easily communicate by the exchange of emails, or even transmitting documents, as reports. The internet can also be used to access information. For example, during a research; or when one requires certain information, they can look for related documents, or even read books online. In addition to

Symbolism in the novel The Great Gatsby Essay Example for Free

Symbolism in the novel The Great Gatsby Essay F. Scott Fitzgerald uses much symbolism in his literature, here in the novel The Great Gatsby. He uses the image of Doctor T. J. Eckelburgs eyes to symbolize a godlike being. Fitzgerald uses the symbol of the two women in yellow at Gatsbys party to represent the values of the 1920s. The food provided at Gatsbys party symbolically represents the members of 1920s society. F. Scott Fitzgerald uses Symbolism in the novel The Great Gatsby as an accurate reflection of life in the American 1920s. In The Great Gatsby the symbol of T. J. Eckelburgs eyes represent a godly being watching over society. Fitzgerald incorporates the eyes into his novel to represent a pair of all seeing, all knowing and judging eyes, which are meant to intimidate. The character of George Wilson believes that the eyes are the eyes of God. I spoke to her, he muttered, after a long silence. I told her she might fool me but she couldnt fool God. I took her to the window- With an effort he got up and walked to the rear window and leaned his face pressed against it, -and I said God knows what youve been doing, everything youve been doing. You may fool me but you cant fool God! Standing behind him Michaelis saw with a shock that he was looking at the eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg, which had just emerged pale and enormous from the dissolving night. God sees everything, repeated Wilson. (p.167) Through Wilsons beliefs Fitzgerald explains that the eyes can see everything including Myrtlesinfidelities. Myrtle is a typical person of the 1920s. She has put her own life and interests ahead of everyone elses including her husbands. The eyes of God are frowning down on the 1920s society. But above the grey land and the spasms of bleak dust which drift endlessly over it, you perceive, after a moment, the eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg. The eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg are blue and gigantic-their retinas are one yard high. The look out of no face but, instead, from a pair of enormous yellow spectacles which pass over a non-existent nosehis eyes, dimmed a little by many painless days under sun and rain, brood on over the solemn dumping ground.(p.27-28) Through Fitzgeralds wording in describing the image of Eckleburgs eyes the reader develops a mental image of an omnipotent being who is constantly watching over the land. The reader discerns that the eyes not only see  everything but that they eyes are morbidly unhappy. The use of the word brood suggests that whatever the eyes are seeing has made their owner disappointed. This is Fitzgeralds way of indicating that the people of the 1920s are disgraceful and undignified because of their selfishness. People of the 1920s spent large sums of money on themselves, and they would attend parties where they didnt know the host. This type of behaviour is why the 1920s are known as a decadent era. The eyes not only symbolize a god-like being but also Fitzgerald himself and his negative views of 1920s society. Fitzgeralds negative views of society are also portrayed through his depiction of certain guests at Gatsbys parties. The symbol of the two women dressed identically in yellow at Gatsbys party depict the values of the people of the 20s. The two women in yellow meet Jordan and Nick at one of Gatsbys party and are entirely self involved. Do you come to these parties often? inquired Jordan of the girl beside her. The last one was the one I met you at, answered the girl in an alert, confident voice. She turned to her companion: Wasnt it for you Lucille? It was for Lucille too. I like to come, Lucille said I never care what I do, so I always have a good time. When I was here last I tore my gown on a chair, and he asked me my name and address- inside of a week I got a package from Croiriers with a new evening gown in it.(p.47) Lucille admits that her general attitude toward life is that she doesnt care what she does as long as she has a good time. Her entire motivation in her life is to enjoy herself. When all she was asked was if she came to the parties often she also felt the need to inform the rest of the guests of her trivial anecdote. The reason that these women are indicative of the generation is because of their self-absorbed character and their egotistical nature. Gatsby. Somebody told me- The two girls and Jordan leaned together confidentially. Somebody told me they thought he killed a man once. A thrill passed over all of us. The three Mr. Mumbles bent forward and listened eagerly. I dont think its so much that, argued Lucille sceptically; Its more that he was a German spy during the war. One of the men nodded in confirmation. Oh know it couldnt be that because he was in the American army during the war.(p.48) The two women are spreading vicious rumours about their host purely for the sake of attention. They are so egotistical that they are  willing to tarnish the reputation of the man who has invited them into his house, simply on the basis that they want to be the centre of everyones attention. In Fitzgeralds opinion, people of the 20s were mainly made up of this type of person. The symbols of the food served at Gatsbys party represent and personify the people of the 20s. Gatsbys house frequently receives crates of oranges which demonstrates the wasteful character of people in the 1920s. Every Friday five crates of oranges and lemons arrived from a fruiterer in New York-every Monday these same oranges and lemons left his back door in a pyramid of pulpless halves. (p.45) This incredible wastefulness is representative of people who lived in the 1920s. They were wasteful to the extreme because they assumed that they deserved to be wasteful and carefree. After so many years of being unhappy from, among other things, World War I. During the war, they were forced to ration everything, so the twenties was the time to gain back their selfishness. Their personalities are also symbolised by the colossal food buffet served at the party. On buffet tables, garnished with glistening hors doeuvre, spiced baked hams crowded against salads of harlequin designs and pastry pigs and turkeys bewitched to a dark gold. (p.44) These symbols all personify the people of the 20s. The people garnished themselves in glistening jewels and clothing just to impress the people that they met. They are all spiced implying that they have made themselves into something that they are not by spicing up their lives with fancy clothing and costumes which hide who they really are. They design themselves as they think they will be most accepted, and are bewitched by the brightness and glow of popularity and richness. People of the twenties wore costumes and this is part of what Fitzgerald is trying to convey. In the novel The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald uses the literary technique of symbolism to reflect what life in the 1920s was like, through Fitzgeralds eyes. The image of Doctor T. J. Eckelburgs eyes is used to signify a disappointed godlike being. Fitzgerald uses the two women in yellow at Gatsbys party to as a symbol to represent the values of people in the 20s. The food provided at Gatsbys party is symbolic of people who lived in the  20s. Through Fitzgeralds use of symbolism to describe the costumed characters of the 20s the reader can learn to constantly, and consistently examine the people that they surround themselves with. The novel also teaches the lesson of being true to ones self, since true closure may only come once honesty is achieved. Fitzgerald is not only a consequential author but an effective moral adviser as well. Bibliography: Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. Macmillan Publishing Company. New York. 1992.

Leadership :: School Leaders, Ethical Behaviors, Administration

â€Å"Real leaders concentrate on doing the right thing, not on doing things right.† According to Lashway (1996) this advice is nothing new to school leaders who face ethical dilemmas on a daily basis. Although administrators face these dilemmas on a daily basis, very few of them are trained or pedagogically equipped to deal with these conflicts. To prove the amplitude of this problem Reilly (2006) states that ethical breeches exist and â€Å"illegal behaviors happen even in the school yard in the presence of children, the can also serve to distract us from the larger matters to which we must attend† (p. 164). This is not a problem that can merely be swept under the carpet. Instead, administrators must take a look at why they do things, and why they make certain decisions. Kocabas and Karakose (2009) cite several leading experts that describe the self-examination that an administrator must make when they are faced with an ethical dilemma: Ethical issues are part of everyday life in schools. They frequently arise from decisions which require value judgments about doing the right thing, or saying the good or best thing in a particular situation. Although doing the right thing seems easy enough most times when an ethically difficult situation arises, it may cause individuals to examine their ethics in practice (p. 126). The situations that administrators face can cause them to take a close look at why they make certain decisions. Examining one’s own decision can greatly aid the decision making process. Administrators must examine their own ethics and make ethical decisions because schools are inherently dedicated to the well-being of the children who attend (Lashway, 2006). The ethical climate of the school is the responsibility of the administrator in charge. The relationships that develop ethically in the school between students, staff, and administrators are directly related to the behavior and decision-making of the administrator (Sagnak, 2010, p. 1136). This leads to the question: What is ethical behavior for an administrator? According to the American Association of School Administrators (2010), there are some behaviors that are required for an administrator to behave ethically. First an administrator must make the educational well-being of the students the fundamental condition of the decision-making process. Also, the administrator must fulfill their professional duties honestly and always act in a responsible manner. Further, the administrator should allow his positive ethical behavior to carry over to his staff.

Robert cobb essy

Since 1937, more than 4 million Cobb salads have been sold at Brown Derby restaurants, according to the Brown Derby Restaurant Group, which, now that the two original Hollywood restaurants have losed, is what the company calls itself. It licenses the restaurant name for merchandise (Including bottled Cobb salad dressing), as well as to Disney, which opened a reproduction of the original Brown Derby in Orlando, Florida, in 1989 and, In 1990.Signed a 20-year agreement for Brown Derby restaurants In Tokyo, Paris and Anaheim, California. As a culinary art student it's Important that you know about your chef because If you're making one of their recipes you have a little background information on the person. I chose to write about this chef for my essay because I was CUri0US If estaurants still make Cobb salads exactly the same way that chef cobb did. Something that surprised me the most would have to be that he made this salad on accident and it was a big hit.The most important thing tha t's memorable about my chef is that he sold over 4 million of his salads since 1937. robert cobb essay By tethridgel 4 My famous chef was Robert Cobb. He was born February 8, 1899 in Moberly, MO. age 16. He later got into real estate and opened the famous Brown Derby restaurant Street, Just south of Hollywood Boulevard, that was the most famous. It opened on Cobb, who was the combination food checker, steward, buyer, cashier, and occasional cook when the first Derby opened.After the deaths of Mizner and Somborn, it was Cobb who took over the restaurants in 1934. prowled hungrily in his restaurant's kitchen for a snack. Opening the huge merchandise (including bottled Cobb salad dressing), as well as to Disney, which in 1990. Signed a 20-year agreement for Brown Derby restaurants in Tokyo, Paris and As a culinary art student it's important that you know about your chef because if person. I chose to write about this chef for my essay because I was curious if

How to Develop an Organizational Training Plan Essay

Introduction To achieve its business objectives, an organisation needs people with the right skills and knowledge to be in place at the right time. The Training Plan describes how the organisation is going to achieve this. Creating an Organisational Training Plan: †¢ Is an opportunity for the management team to step back and identify the skills and knowledge gaps in the organisation †¢ Encourages the exploration of various options for training and development before deciding what to do †¢ Enables the budget and resources required for training to be planned and allocated during the business planning cycle †¢ Captures strategic training requirements in a single document as a point of reference for everyone. Definitions An Organisational Training Plan is a document created by the senior team that explains what strategic training the organisation needs to do and how it will do it. It does not address maintenance training, or personal development, both of which can be picked up at team level or through the appraisal system. Strategic training is any training and development of people that is required to enable the organisation to achieve its objectives. Maintenance training is the routine training that an organisation carries out to meet its legal requirements and operate smoothly. For example: first aid skills or basic IT. Personal development is developing individuals so that they fulfil their longer-term career potential in the organisation. Key steps in developing an Organisational Training Plan Consider the following questions as you develop your plan: 1. Have you developed a vision? 2. What are your organisational objectives? 3. Are the objectives SMART? 4. How do the various groups in the organisation help achieve these? 5. Have you involved people and representative groups in the development? 6. Does each group have the skills and knowledge it needs? 7. What training and development do you need to do? 8. How will you evaluate its effectiveness? 9. Do you know how the impact will be measured? 1. Organisational objectives An essential starting point is an understanding of the organisational objectives. This can be in the form of a Business Plan, or at its simplest, a set of SMART objectives. 2. How do the various groups in the organisation help achieve the organisation’s objectives? Start by identifying how each of the teams, departments or occupational areas in your organisation contributes to your organisational objectives. CBX is a medium sized software company that develops database management systems. It has 51 staff: Next year, CBX is planning two major business growth initiatives: †¢ It is planning to release a new on-line version of its flagship product ‘Lab Manager’. The market for the existing version of Lab Manager is approaching saturation, and CBX believes that the new version will kick start demand again. Development is currently behind schedule. Product Development will build the on-line version, the Sales and Marketing team are preparing sales and marketing plans that include global product launches. Operations are involved in creating the new packaging, and the Customer Services team needs to tool itself up to support the new product. †¢ It is extending its chain of sales agents to include the Middle East, Far East and Australia. The Sales and Marketing team are working with the newly appointed agents to create plans and sales literature. The Customer Services team will initially support the new agencies. 3. Does each group have the skills and knowledge that it needs? Now, think about the skills and knowledge that each group needs. What are their strengths and do they have any development needs? Here’s an analysis for some of the teams at CBX: Product Development (PD) Strengths in line with achieving the organisation’s goals †¢ Good understanding of the target market and its requirement †¢ Experience of building similar applications †¢ Well established team that works well together. Development needs to achieve the organisation’s goals †¢ More effective project management †¢ Advanced development in Internet technologies. Sales and Marketing (SM) Strengths in line with achieving the organisation’s goals †¢ Good understanding of UK/European market and their requirements †¢ Relationship building skills †¢ Good knowledge of existing products. Development needs to achieve the organisation’s goals †¢ Improved understanding of cultural diversity †¢ Briefing on new on-line product †¢ Project planning skills. Management Team (MT) Strengths in line with achieving the organisation’s goals †¢ Works well as a team †¢ Good understanding of market and its requirements †¢ Global vision. Development needs to achieve the organisation’s goals †¢ Briefing on new on-line product †¢ Improved understanding of cultural diversity. Tel: 08456 047 047 Web: www.traintogain.gov.uk Email: traintogain@businesslinksw.co.uk 4. What training and development do you need to do? Now, think about how what training activities you will put in place for each of the development areas in the matrix. Here are some options for you to consider: Team briefings Team training sessions run by the team leader. Useful for cascading information about new initiatives or for improving work standards in a group. Training sessions with an external training organisation to develop a new skill or knowledge. Can range from a one day workshop to a longer-term programme. 1:1 guidance and support for an individual who is developing a new skill or solving work problems. Individuals work though learning resources (e.g. interactive workbooks or on-line learning sessions) at their own pace. Useful for learning a new skill or gaining new knowledge. Run by people from within your organisation. Useful for delivering organisationspecific knowledge. The individual works with a more experienced staff member who shows them how to do the job or a particular task. The plan has to be achievable, and so you should allocate budget and resources to it at the planning stage. Many organisations believe that Investors in People assessors will be impressed with how much money the organisation spends on training and development. This isn’t true. The standard is about effective training and development in line with your organisation’s goals. 5. How will you evaluate its effectiveness? Think about how you will measure the success of the training activities in your plan. Try to develop success criteria that express the outputs or results that you expect in each development area. Your criteria should be measurable in terms of money, quality, productivity or time.

Free Essays on Eliot

Eliot is considered to be one of the most influential writers of the 20th century. His works have been admired greatly. In his play "The Cocktail Party", Eliot's focus of attention is on what he calls 'the malady of the 20th century people'.He explores the various aspects of people's lives concentrating on their frivolity that of romantic love & supernatural love. The romantic love ie the relationship between edward & lavinia is explored in great deatil & the first scene of act 1 introduces them to the audience. Throughout the play, Eliot very subtly, tells us about how callous and petty the people of high society England were at that time.All of his plays were genearlly watched by the upper class rather than the middle class as they could realte to them better. Through celia, eliot explores a kind of love that is very rare. It is one of total & complete selflessness and unconditional love for every human being. He portrays Celia as a martyr who is almost always misunderstood and is seeking some sort of direction in life which Reilly and the other guardians help her in finding. The guardians also play a very important role in the play besides Celia, Edward & Lavinia. They are the ones who symbolise a church within a church and go about helping their friends in their soul-searching. Eliot has always been known as an author/poet of hope & not despair though most of his works revolve around the shallowness of human lives. He always gives us some hope towards the end and that is what makes him one of the greatest critics of all time.... Free Essays on Eliot Free Essays on Eliot Eliot is considered to be one of the most influential writers of the 20th century. His works have been admired greatly. In his play "The Cocktail Party", Eliot's focus of attention is on what he calls 'the malady of the 20th century people'.He explores the various aspects of people's lives concentrating on their frivolity that of romantic love & supernatural love. The romantic love ie the relationship between edward & lavinia is explored in great deatil & the first scene of act 1 introduces them to the audience. Throughout the play, Eliot very subtly, tells us about how callous and petty the people of high society England were at that time.All of his plays were genearlly watched by the upper class rather than the middle class as they could realte to them better. Through celia, eliot explores a kind of love that is very rare. It is one of total & complete selflessness and unconditional love for every human being. He portrays Celia as a martyr who is almost always misunderstood and is seeking some sort of direction in life which Reilly and the other guardians help her in finding. The guardians also play a very important role in the play besides Celia, Edward & Lavinia. They are the ones who symbolise a church within a church and go about helping their friends in their soul-searching. Eliot has always been known as an author/poet of hope & not despair though most of his works revolve around the shallowness of human lives. He always gives us some hope towards the end and that is what makes him one of the greatest critics of all time....

Critically discuss from an ethically informed Essay Example

Critically discuss from an ethically informed Essay Example Critically discuss from an ethically informed Essay Critically discuss from an ethically informed Essay Critically discuss from an ethically informed position whether Schon s impression of contemplation has a topographic point in back uping ethical pattern in societal work. The 20th century saw an addition in specialization and a growing in the figure of professional organic structures. The professions, and peculiarly the societal work profession wielded huge power in society. Sometimes this power was erroneously or wrongly used ( for illustration in Cleveland in the late eightiess ) and societal service users suffered as a consequence. Shon ( 1991 ) has argued that: Professionals claim to lend to societal wellbeing, set their clients’ needs in front of their ain, and hold themselves accountable to criterions of competency and morality. But both popular and scholarly critics accuse the professions of functioning themselves at the disbursal of their clients, disregarding their duty to public service, and neglecting to patrol themselves efficaciously( Schon, 1991:11-12 ) . One of the jobs for professionals has been a spread between professional cognition and the manner in which this translates into pattern. Social workers are, in add-on, frequently faced with a struggle of values, on the one manus there is a peculiar client and state of affairs and on the other there is an increasing demand to fulfill bureaucratism by treating a instance every bit rapidly as possible. In a state of affairs like this it is really easy to be governed by regulations and processs and peculiar theoretical attacks that may hold small footing in world. How far is a societal worker being guided by even general ethical rules, allow entirely a specific codification of pattern. The societal worker is pushed into a narrowing of focal point that is outside their control if they had more clip to cover with a instance so they would hold more clip to research their ain feelings and reactions every bit good as concentrating on ethical determination devising. When a practician is driven by mark orientated bureaucratism so he/she does non hold the clip to believe about what they are making and to larn from the procedure. They can therefore unwittingly be drawn into unethical pattern, or pattern that violates their professional codification of moralss. This paper will give a general account of the constructs of moralss and contemplation. Then from a position informed by the Scottish Social Services Council’s Code of pattern, the paper will discourse Schon’s ( 1982, 1991 ) impression of contemplation, and ascertain whether it has a topographic point in back uping ethical pattern in societal work. Ethical motives are moral rules which inform the government of human behavior. Ethical codifications on the other manus, while they may be based on moral rules, are non as generalisable in that they refer to peculiar professions and the manner in which professional behavior is governed. Butler ( 2000 ) maintains that such ethical codifications can non be said to be impersonal or value free because they have arisen in a peculiar context for a peculiar intent and as such are influenced by the political orientations held in that context. Contemplation is a term that has gained increasing currency in many Fieldss including instruction, divinity, research and societal work. Ruch ( 2002 ) maintains that the impression of brooding pattern, peculiarly as it is found in Schon’s work, is a complex one.because it rests on a more holistic apprehension of how and what we know than has traditionally been the instance. Historically cognition has been drawn from discernible facts ( as in scientific discipline ) but this nonsubjective position of cognition has progressively been challenged as a narrow position that maintains there is a specific response to state of affairss that a practician can use and therefore work out a job. This position of societal work, encased as it is in fixed constructions is unable to cover with the diverse nature of modern western society and is really contrary to societal work moralss as it precludes covering with each client and state of affairs on its on virtues. Brooding pattern, on the othe r manus, acknowledges the singularity of each human being and each state of affairs that arguably makes it much more compatible with societal work moralss. Cardinal to Schon’s impression of brooding pattern are the diverse ways of human knowing, rational, experiential and intuitive, what Polyani ( 1967 ) has called a tacit knowing.’ Tacit cognition is knowledge that a individual achieves over clip and may non needfully be able to joint how he or she knows it. Schon ( 1991 ) maintains that this cognition is acquired through procedure or making. It is a cardinal portion of reflective pattern which recognises the importance of non-rational cognition. Arguably this type of cognition is priceless to societal workers because they deal with people. Peoples are complex existences and their interaction takes topographic point at many different degrees that are non ever expressible in any meaningful footings. It is besides this sort of cognizing that helps us to associate to each other as alone persons and to recognize the intrinsic worth of another, both of these things are inextricable from ethical pattern in societal work. In add -on to this contemplation is a necessary portion of self-knowledge. Who a individual is, their life history and their cultural context all affect how they act and justice in a given state of affairs, contemplation is a manner of recognizing one’s ain personal prejudices and whether these may be coloring our perceptual experience of a given individual or state of affairs. Self-knowledge is, or should be a necessary constituent in a societal worker’s go oning development. Papell ( 1996 ) contends that: Social work scholars must comprehend the human state of affairs which they confront in their pattern and recognize that their perceptual experiences are filtered through their ain thought and knowing procedures, through their emotions and feeling procedures and through the manner they themselves integrate and regulate their ain making and acting. Knowing the ego is more than cognizing how one feels. It is cognizing how one thinks and Acts of the Apostless( Papell, 1996:19 ) . Ruch ( 2002 ) maintains that although there has been opposition to reflective pattern in societal work it is now going built-in to the profession. This is because it encourages an apprehension of the ego and the function that it has in professional pattern. Reflection operates on a figure of degrees. Practical contemplation encompasses different sorts of cognizing and enables societal workers to reflect on how they do their occupation and whether it conforms to their organisation’s codification of pattern. Practical contemplation Ruch ( 2002 ) contends makes a practician more unfastened to new and different ways of get bying with clients and their state of affairss. Technical contemplation on the other manus takes a more rational and theoretical attack. These things do non run in isolation but are drawn together in critical contemplation. Critical contemplation stems from the above two procedures and can ensue in a societal worker taking an anti-oppressive stance in their patt ern. From an ethically informed perspective critical contemplation should be a necessary portion of societal work preparation and pattern as an emancipatory and anti-oppressive attitude are critical constituents of ethical societal work. Increasingly subjects of wellness and societal attention maintain that ethical pattern in these countries must be centred on the demands of service users, therefore the Scots Social Service’s Council’s Code of Practice is specifically designed to concentrate on this. The codification of pattern recognises that each individual and state of affairs are alone and therefore necessitate a response that takes history of peculiar single demands. Social workers of necessity intervene in people’s lives and have an influence on state of affairss, ethical determination devising is hence a critical constituent of societal work pattern ( Osmo and Landau, 2001 ) . Some of the issues that societal workers have to cover with and that involve them in ethical determination doing centre around equilibrating the rights of one person against others, around public public assistance and issues of institutional and structural subjugation. The Scots societal worker’s codification of moralss maintains that societal workers mustprotect the rights and promote the involvements of service users and carers( codification of moralss:16 ) . This can affect a societal worker in ethical determination doing i.e. make up ones minding whether advancing the involvements and protecting the rights of one person may encroach on another’s rights. While there possibly certain guidelines for this it is non ever a straightforward procedure and a societal worker may hold to trust on old experience and intestine inherent aptitudes as to the right actions in a given state of affairs. In kid maltreatment instances for illustration the rights of the kid are ever paramount but if the societal worker suspects that the accusals of maltreatment are baseless so he/she has to do a determination on how the state of affairs should be dealt with. It is here that Schon’s impression of contemplation might come into drama. Have at that place been old similar state of affairss, what action was taken and what was the result. This sort of quandary demands careful idea and consideration before any definite stairss are taken. Without contemplation on old actions and how these might associate to the codification of moralss the societal worker could be at a considerable disadvantage in determination devising and could either go forth a kid unfastened to danger or conflict the rights of a perchance guiltless client. Social work intercession must non be aim goaded if it is to be ethically informed. The codification of pattern as outlined by the Scottish Social Services Council demands that societal workers maintain up to day of the month in their field and in current thought sing societal justness and equal chances to this terminal they recommend that professional development and preparation be an on-going procedure in societal work pattern. While go oning professional development can be given to be outcome oriented and brooding pattern procedure orientated, Postle et Al. ( 2002 ) argue that a more inclusive attack is needed where both results and procedure are of equal value in the practitioner’s go oning development. Banks ( 2003 ) has argued that codifications of pattern and moralss are frequently idealistic they can promote a false sense of security as they may be seen as supplying a design for how a societal worker should move when it is impossible to pass for every state of affairs. Social workers need to be able to critically reflect on their ain pattern in order to move in an ethical mode in any given state of affairs. Ethical codifications work from the exterior, they do non hold anything to state about a practician as a individual and whether, and in what ways, the practician might run from what Kant termed the categorical jussive mood. Ethical motives is a subdivision of doctrine that is concerned with right action, and ethical codifications and codifications of pattern are developed with this in head. Contemplation, nevertheless, as this paper has already argued is concerned with a practiioner’s ain responses and with their interior state-how they feel about a given state of affa irs and what they might spot as morally right what has been termed a virtuousness moral principle. It is arguably the instance that virtuousness moralss are at the bosom of societal work pattern because it is concerned with societal justness and the impression of the built-in worth of human existences. It has been argued that virtuousness moralss are excessively inward looking in that they imply a concern with the ego ( Wolff, 2002 ) but this may besides be combined with a concern for others. Attachment to a specific codification of moralss implies that those bound by this codification already possess a certain moral character and will therefore move in conformity with specific values that take into history concern for the public assistance of others whilst besides holding a concern for the ego. It is in this case that Schon’s impression of contemplation is priceless to ethically informed societal work pattern. The rules embedded in Scots Social Work preparation and in their codification of pattern maintain that societal workers must: maintain and advance the self-respect, safety, pick, privateness potency of people who use services and balance these consideration of the demands of others for protection ; dainty everyone every bit, and value their peculiarity and diverseness ; and maintain public trust and assurance in societal services. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.scotland.gov.uk/library5/social/ffsw.pdf p.19 ) It is the statement of this paper that in order to run into the demands of the codification of pattern societal workers need to prosecute in critical contemplation on their ain pattern and on the ethical quandary that they face in any given state of affairs. It is here that Schon’s impression of contemplation and of cognizing through making are an priceless portion of ethical societal work. 2000 words Mentions: Banks, S. 2003 From curses to rulebooks: a critical scrutiny of codifications of moralss for the societal professionsEuropean diary of Social WorkVolume 6 No. 2 July 2003 p. 133-144 Butler, I 2000.A Code of Ethics for Social Work and Social Work Researchhypertext transfer protocol: //www.elsc.org.uk/socialcareresource/tswr/seminar6/butler.htm Karen Postle, Carleton Edwards, Roger Moon, Hazel Rumsey, Tracie Thomas 2002 Continuing professional development after making partnerships, booby traps and possibleSocial Work EducationVolume 21. No. 2 1stApril 2002 Papell, C. ( 1996 ) Contemplation on issues in societal work instruction in: N. GOULD A ; I. Taylor ( Eds ) Reflective Learning for Social Work ( Aldershot, Arena ) . Ruch, G 2002 From trigon to gyrate: Brooding pattern in societal work instruction, pattern and researchSocial Work EducationVolume 21 no. 2 2002 Ruch, G. 2000 Self and societal work: Towards an incorporate theoretical account of learningJournal of Social Work PracticeVolume 14, no. 2 November 1st2000 Slote, Michael. From Morality to Virtue. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992 Wolff, J. 2002 Contractualism and the virtuesCritical Review of International Social and Political PhilosophyVolume 5 No. 2 June 2002 p. 120-132

Practice Revising Affirmatives Into Negative Statements

Practice Revising Affirmatives Into Negative Statements This exercise will give you practice in turning positive statements (also called affirmatives) into negative statements. Practice Instructions The most common way of turning a positive statement into a negative statement in English is to add the word not (or the contracted form -nt). In a declarative sentence, the word not is usually placed after a helping verb (such as a form of do, have, or be). Similarly, in less formal writing, the contraction -nt may be added to the helping verb. For each sentence in the next section, write the negative version of the verb or verb phrase in italics. In some cases, you will need to add a helping verb. When you have completed the exercise, compare your answers with those in the final section. Practice Problems The teacher was paying attention to the other children in the room.The band was playing perfectly in tune.The police concluded that the security system had been working properly.The research study concluded that longer school days lead to greater student achievement.Travis has been a taxi driver for a very long time.My friend wants to move to Alaska with her family.I waited for Charlie to finish complaining about his stupid cell phone.Sara is the first person in our family to go to college.When I go to bed tonight, I will think about pink elephants.We have been seeing a great deal of each other lately.I heard my grandfather singing in the shower.We are going to spend our vacation at the lake this year.Caleb tried very hard to win the race.Last night I went to the movie theater with Takumi. Practice Solutions Here you will find answers (in bold) to the exercise. Note that contracted forms (such as  wasnt  or  didnt) may also be written out in full (was not  or  did not). The teacher  was not paying  attention to the other children in the room.The band  wasnt playing  perfectly in tune.The police concluded that the security system  had not been working  properly.The research study  did not conclude  that longer school days lead to greater student achievement.Travis  has not been  a taxi driver for a very long time.My friend  does not want  to move to Alaska with her family.I  didnt wait  for Charlie to finish complaining about his stupid cell phone.Sara  is not  the first person in our family to go to college.When I go to bed tonight, I  wont think  about pink elephants.We  have not been seeing  a great deal of each other lately.I  did not hear  my grandfather singing in the shower.We  are not going to spend  our vacation at the lake this year.Caleb  didnt try  very hard to win the race.Last night I  did not go  to the movie theater with Takumi.

SB 1070 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

SB 1070 - Essay Example The Illinois’s legislative bill 123 together with the Arizona’s â€Å"Support our law enforcement and safe Neighborhood Act† is the strictest and wider anti-illegal immigration legislative act in the recent times. This bill intends to include more provisions to the federal laws of the United States of America. First, it would be a crime for individual aliens to be in the state of Illinois without the registration documents. It would also restrict the other state, local agencies and officials from the restricting enforcement of the federal immigration laws in the state of Illinois (Ferris, 289). It also provides for the crackdown for the individuals who are harboring, transporting or hiring aliens in the state illegally. This has been described as the strictest immigration law united states. The intent of these additional provisions was to reduce the number of illegal aliens who are estimated to approximately 460, 000 in Arizona only and even more in the state of Illinois and others states in the U.S. ... The act provides for the state law enforcements agencies to question, arrest or detain individuals who are reasonably suspected to be in the country illegally. In this context the act gives the state law enforcement agencies to enforce the law and ensure that the immigrants abide by the state laws. According to Warner (68), this is unconstitutional because the responsibility of enforcing the immigration laws is a federal responsibility and not a state responsibility. If there is reasonable suspicion that they might be in the country illegally, it is the responsibility of the federal governments to enforce the laws. The Illinois’s bill 123 can be described as a bill that affects foreign matters and hence its effect when passed into law would affect the foreign policy of not only the Illinois but also the United States o America. The unconstitutional nature of this act is that the state does not have powers to pass laws that affect the foreign policy and relations. According to Warner (69), just like the states have no authority of passing their own foreign policies or enter into treaties with the other nations of the world, they do not have immigration policies and laws. The argument here is that the immigration laws is an attribute of the foreign affairs and hence the state law enforcing agencies and officials do not have any little power to pass such laws. The signing of the law into affect would therefore mean that the state of Illinois has a different foreign policy compared to the United States of America foreign policies in general and hence it is therefore unconstitutional. The role of a state in enforcing federal immigration laws is provided for in the federal laws of the united state of America. However

CHRISTINA GOLD LEADING CHANGE AT WESTERN UNION Research Paper

CHRISTINA GOLD LEADING CHANGE AT WESTERN UNION - Research Paper Example Western Union implemented an organizational change that was targeted to raise the participation of all its employees as well as increase its productivity by enhancing adaptability to the environment. Kotter and Cohen suggest an eight-step model of change that can explain how an organization can change in response to different situations in the market so that it can achieve the intended goal. Christiana Gold, the Chief Executive Officer of Western Union implemented an organizational structure change in the company so that it could enhance the productivity of the company in the market. Through her effort, Gold wanted to ensure that the company can achieve high quality performance in the midst of the different things that happened in the market. While Gold’s plan of implementation of change could be related to Kotter and Cohen’s 8-step model, the plan could have had some differences that could be a different approach that can improve the success of implementation of the ch ange. In the first step where Gold wanted to implement change, she identified the things that needed a change and helped the employees of the company to see the need of the organizational change. ... As in Kotter and Cohen’s 8-step model step three (Daft & Lane, 2008), Gold created a vision of what Western Union would be if the changes in the organizational structure were implemented in the company. She had a vision of the company having a global outlook and she focused on the ways through which different people could enhance the change of mindsets of all employees from a small company kind of company to one which would have a world focus. Through different people with whom she interacted, she communicated the vision, and this received the approval of some leaders at the regional level of organization accepting the new structure and showing positivity. This was regardless of reluctance to change that was witnessed in some leaders in America who could not see the essence of the new structure of organization and perceived it as a threat to their positions (Rowe & Guerrero, 2011). The resistance to change that the different people faced in the implementation of the organizati onal structure change would have been easy to address if Gold had encouraged a broad-based action in which the employees and the leaders in different regions would be able to influence the employees (Daft & Lane, 2008). In this respect, the leaders would make it easy to communicate the changes that she wanted the employees to implement, and this would take a shorter time to achieve goals, as opposed to the style she used when implementing change in America, where regional leaders were reluctant to change. In order to achieve this plan of the company to implement change in the organizational structure, Gold advocated for establishment of offices and leaders in the offices that could steer the new plan of the company.

Diversity Leadership in IHRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Diversity Leadership in IHRM - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that diversity is often referred to as the differences between the individuals. The dissimilarities among individuals materialize in both nonvisible and visible aspects. Some of the key examples of diversity among the individuals are dissimilarities in gender, age, skills, sexual preferences, learning styles, tenure, etc. These differences are evident the workplace but at times the differences are not visible. â€Å"Excellence through diversity is one of the Chancellor's goals†, yet this term is often faced confusion, controversy, and tension. Regarding this aspect, scholars such as Griffin emphasizes managing diversity in the firm offers various advantages and the most common one emerges in the form of catering to the diversified base of customers. However, contradicting this statement another set of scholars such as Inyang and Akpama and Kiggundu believes that although managing a diverse workforce provide benefits to a firm, but it requires strong management and failure to which can lead to intergroup conflicts. Hence, it is obvious that firms planning to recruit diverse employee group must a good frame management system. In this rapidly changing workplace environment, maintaining a diverse workforce helps a company to remain competitive in the marketplace. Scholars such as Inyang emphasizes that diversity not only brings fresh perspectives to the company but also promotes innovation and equips the company with the ability to solve complex problems. Furthermore, having a diverse workforce also allows a firm to have an efficient workforce, which is a necessity in this diverse business setting. Executives who are having intercultural management skills have high demand as they have the ability to constantly adapt to this shifting trend of a marketplace.

The role of Total Quality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The role of Total Quality Management - Essay Example The origin of TQM is attributed to Dr. Edwards Deming and Walter Shewhart on statistical control techniques (SCT) that aimed at identifying and managing quality variation in production processes (Charantimath 2006). Charantimath (2006) asserts that TQM extends beyond statistical quality control to incorporate other soft elements such as need for quality employee training, teamwork, integrated processes, supplier quality, employee empowerment and proper leadership, climate of trust and open communication in the organisation. Total quality management has enabled large franchises like Starbucks and McDonalds manage variations in their product, service quality, and attain higher customer satisfaction. Total Quality Management is useful in large franchises such as Starbucks and McDonalds since TQM since customer satisfaction is the ultimate measure of quality and all customers are viewed as owners of the quality. According to Charantimath (2006), the large franchises require continuous improvement and TQM uses analytical tools and employee involvement in determining the quality innovations and improvement ideas that are critical in improving the customer satisfaction. Accordingly, TQM requires visible, consistent and enabling leadership by the management in order to sustain continuous improvement in order to attain competitive edge and overcome competition in the market (Rao 1996). TQM is essential in enhancing the corporate public image since it demonstrates the organisational commitment to delivery of high quality products to the society. The stakeholders will be aware of the initiatives that the organisation has undertaken to improve quality such as continuous improvement and addressing of the customer complaints thus leading to higher customer satisfaction and reduction of costs associated with marketing and addressing customer grievances (Charantimath 2006). TQM improves overall customer satisfaction through understanding and production of

The Role NGOs Play in Poverty in Developing Countries Essay

The Role NGOs Play in Poverty in Developing Countries - Essay Example As the essay declares the presence of poverty adds to these factors and makes the economic scenario worse for the developing nations. Thus one of the essential reforms in the developing nations is reducing the level of poverty.From the paper it is clear that  strategies for poverty reduction in a country include the various macroeconomic policies and social programmes that help in reducing poverty and stimulating economic growth. The social and structural programmes for reducing poverty in developing countries are designed after analysing the multidimensional effects of poverty. The ultimate objective of these policies is raising the quality of life of the poor. Generally such policies are associated with a deep involvement of the civil society. The civil society’s participation in the policies promotes the national ownership of the poverty reduction strategies. Poverty is a deep-rooted problem for any nation. Hence the strategies taken for its eradication also involve a lon g time horizon. This is the reason for the long-term perspective of poverty reduction strategie.   Various strategies are followed for poverty eradication in developing nations. The most popular among them is Ownership strategy. One of the most significant factors that contribute to the problem of poverty is the unequal distribution of economic resources, since this unequal distribution denies the access of economic resources to the poor. The ownership strategy of poverty reduction aims at an appropriate distribution of economic resources in the developing countries.   

The Bicycle sharing system in Los Angeles Essay

The Bicycle sharing system in Los Angeles - Essay Example Los Angeles should consider adopting the Bicycle Sharing System for 3 predominant reasons: pollution, traffic as well as public health issues . Los Angeles is one of the most populated cities in the world and the development in technology has allowed more people to enter Los Angeles. Thus, the region is overcrowded with a lot of people. Ostensibly, Los Angeles’ population keeps growing every year and might soon reach appalling and uncontrollable figures. Due to its huge population composed of affluent individuals, usage of personal vehicles creates the serious problems in pollution. Driving personal vehicle does not only impact negatively on the environments, but also leads to noise pollution thus hampering individuals’ ability to hear. A journal by Kenneth A. Small and Camilla Kazimi, mentions, â€Å"The costs of air pollution, noise, and other environmental damage are not precisely measurable †¦Ã¢â‚¬  The vehicles consume diesel, and the substances from burning diesel will make elements that would contribute to form acid rain. Snags such as air contamination or acid rain are fatal, and it takes a long time for the environment to recover from these pollutions . As the population keeps snowballing, the number of cars on the street would briskly increase. This means that these cars will make more components of acid rain, which will harm human the society in the near future. Thus, the adoption of the Bicycle Sharing System will bring the result of reduction in air pollution in the future.

The Role NGOs Play in Poverty in Developing Countries Essay

The Role NGOs Play in Poverty in Developing Countries - Essay Example As the essay declares the presence of poverty adds to these factors and makes the economic scenario worse for the developing nations. Thus one of the essential reforms in the developing nations is reducing the level of poverty.From the paper it is clear that  strategies for poverty reduction in a country include the various macroeconomic policies and social programmes that help in reducing poverty and stimulating economic growth. The social and structural programmes for reducing poverty in developing countries are designed after analysing the multidimensional effects of poverty. The ultimate objective of these policies is raising the quality of life of the poor. Generally such policies are associated with a deep involvement of the civil society. The civil society’s participation in the policies promotes the national ownership of the poverty reduction strategies. Poverty is a deep-rooted problem for any nation. Hence the strategies taken for its eradication also involve a lon g time horizon. This is the reason for the long-term perspective of poverty reduction strategie.   Various strategies are followed for poverty eradication in developing nations. The most popular among them is Ownership strategy. One of the most significant factors that contribute to the problem of poverty is the unequal distribution of economic resources, since this unequal distribution denies the access of economic resources to the poor. The ownership strategy of poverty reduction aims at an appropriate distribution of economic resources in the developing countries.   

Diversify management team and coaching staff Assignment

Diversify management team and coaching staff - Assignment Example From this, there are increased chances of obtaining a mixed group of persons from all races and diverse cultures that helps to spur athletics in the college. In addition, the number of women should be increased abundantly to articulate women issues in the sporting sector. Through this, everyone is represented, and colleges become stronger in the sporting world. Colleges hire field Trainers in form of coaches who guide teams in major events to achieve college objectives. Nevertheless, the coaching staffs should be persons who understand the sector very well, must have performed and have enough experience to help the team to success. In addition, they should be people who are not bothered by issues of race or tribe in team selection, but ensure only talented individuals and hardworking folks are made to participate in the events. The process, however, should not discriminate in staff selections but ensure only qualified and approved coaches are given the jobs no matter the race, gender or any other cultural vice. This ensures that only committed persons are made to work thus enables colleges to benefit from their investments in athletics. Athletics is quite an important sporting event in the college and to the students. The department will be unique since our policies will be to employ only committed persons in management. This will make the unit to be stronger and eliminate any underperforming members (Lapchick, Costa, Sherrod, & Anjorin, 2012). In addition, athletes or management who supports negative behaviors such as doping in the sect will be discontinued from the system. This will make us set standard culture to the department that is beneficial to the college. As means of committing ourselves to above rules, the university stands a better chance to reduce mismanagement and improper spending and is only concerned with their target. Recruitment of more qualified staffs and

Guest Satisfaction Essay Example for Free

Guest Satisfaction Essay Guest satisfaction within the Hospitality Industry is very important and essential. Only when a restaurant exhibit satisfactory guest it can be successful for a longer period of time. Guests will only come back and spend more money when the particular establishment supplies their wants and needs. Many aspects can influence the satisfaction of guests. However one main aspect which can influence the satisfaction is the quality of staff members. They represent the restaurant and when they are not good in their job it casts a damning light on the establishment. Guests will not recommend a restaurant which possesses bad staff members who are not polite or motivated. Within the staff quality there are several aspects which should be fulfilled in order to get a guest satisfactory guest. Therefore the main question of this Module Assignment will be â€Å"Which sub dimensions of the staff quality influence the guest satisfaction†. Literature Review In this assignment we will determine the topic staff quality and the different aspects which are linked with it. In the following Literature Review we will take a closer look on the Service time and the Service quality of staff and the stereotypes within the Hospitality industry. Service time of staff The service time has become an extremely important component of service quality within the hospitality industry. There is a complex relationship between the waiting times and the overall customer satisfaction because this will only be negative assessed when the costumer perceived the waiting time to be longer than what they found to be reasonable. Because most restaurants deliver so much quality in tangible offerings, they can distinguish themselves from their competitors by the quality of service (Allen, 1999). A study was developed to examine two factors in relationship to the waiting times. The first part of the study was the impact of waiting times at various stages of the service p rocess on perceived customer satisfaction. And the second part of the study was: What is the impact of company training activity on service time efficiency. For the study 8 of the same casual dining’s of one particular chain were followed. Only in 4 restaurants the managers talked to their staff about the service time issues every day before the shift started. 2 of these restaurants also called out the time between the orders were taken and it left the kitchen. The other 4 restaurants didn’t have a meeting or something about waiting times. The various stages of waiting time that were studied were: Arrival greet: time elapsed before guest was greeted at door Seating time: lapsed before guest was greeted at the table Drink Service: wait time after order was taken Order time: amount of time lapsed after order was taken -Check back time: time lapsed after food was received Payment time: how long guest waited for change/Credit Card Slip The results showed that the 4 restaurant that had spoken about the waiting time in all studied stages of waiting were on time and the percentages of the other 4 restaurants were always lower. The two restaurants that also called out the time during the shifts had a table turn (the length of time a guest would occupies a table at the Restaurant) of a very low 40 minutes. The two restaurants that only spoke about it before the shift had a table turn of 48 minutes and the other 4 had a table turn of over 50 minutes! For the study there were also mystery shoppers who went to the restaurant and after the visit had to give there rating. The mystery shoppers were asked about multiple items although the service times were most heavily rated. The 4 restaurants that spoke about waiting time were considered an excellent rating. The 4 that didn’t speak about waiting time were overall considered a below average rating with improvements needed. Service quality of staff Service quality can be seen as a very important factor when it comes to guest satisfaction (Melih Madanoglu, 2004). Service quality is the consumer’s judgment about an overall superiority or excellence. Itcan be crucial in the overall performance of an organization and enable it to differentiate itself from competitors to gain competitive advantage (Jannadi, 2001; Stevens et al.,1995). If the guests experience a good service there is a high chance that they will recommend the restaurant where they have eaten to other people. Everything depends on a good relationship between the customer and the staff. Many researchers carry out surveys about the dimensions of service quality and all had different solutions because like Parasuraman says the dimensions of SQ is generic. So it can be said that every dimension has to be adapted to the different restaurant and to the different target group they want to attract (Parasuraman, 1985). However when you look to the different results the researchers got from their surveys there are always some dimensions which appear every time. These words are reliability, staff behavior and their attitude to guests, timeliness and physical quality of the staff. All of these aspects have to be fulfilled to get a satisfied customer. Guests want to have a staff member who is nice, self-confident and friendly (behavior). Furthermore they want to see waiters/waitresses who like their job and are blessed to have them as guests (attitude). They also appreciate it to get their food and there drinks in an adequate time (timeliness). Finally customers feeling more comfortable when they have employees, who care for personal hygiene, have the right clothes and smell nicely. Stereotypes in the hospitality Customers will form their judgment based on the employee’s personal appearances, the customer’s pre-established expectations, and the environment in which the interaction occurs (Lockwood Jones, 1989). When there isn’t much information about these mentioned aspects, the customers will form impressions of the restaurant by looking to the staff members (observable cues). Race, sex, age, occupations and physical attractiveness are ex amples of these observable cues. These may connote differences in status and competence to observers (Berger et al., 1977). This is all about stereotypes and this plays an important role in human judgment. Stereotyping is the process of ascribing characteristics to people on the basis of their group memberships (Oakes et al., 1994). Selecting the best employees for service encounters is critically important for customer satisfaction and, ultimately, an organization’s success but how to do this when customers base their perceptions on stereotypes? The research of H.-F. Luoh S.-H. Tsaur analyzed the effects of gender stereotypes on the perceived service qualityunder favorable and unfavorable service quality conditions in fine dining restaurants. The results showed that under favorable service quality conditions, the respondents’ perceived service quality with regards to a female server on tangibles, reliability, assurance, and empathy dimensions was better than that of a male server. On the other hand, under unfavorable service quality conditions, there were no statistical differences in the respondent’s perceived service quality on the service rendered by a female server or a male server (H.-F. Luoh S.-H. Tsaur). Another form of stereotyping is the fact that people expect better service from someone of the same sex simply because they feel they might be more comfortable interacting with them (Fisher et al., 1997). Mind-Map Sub questions For specifying the main question of this research paper which is â€Å"Which sub dimensions influence the guest satisfaction†, three sub questions were phrased. These sub questions were phrased after making the mind-map and analyzing the literature review. 1. Does the behavior of staff members influence the guest satisfaction? 2. Does the Appearance of staff influence guest satisfaction? 3. Does the speed of staff have an influence on the guest satisfaction? Methodology This chapter provides information about how the study was carried out. It dealt with the subject from which the data were collected, the tool which was used in collecting the data and how this tool was used for the subject from which the data were collected (sample, instrument and procedure). Sample This research study is carried out by 55 students of the Stenden University Hotel School. To collect the data for the study, the students have visited 16 different restaurants. Two of these restaurants were pizzerias and two were sushi restaurants. 15 of the restaurants are located in the city of Leeuwarden. Only one is located in another city called Sneek. The price range of the restaurants lies between the 8,50 â‚ ¬ and 36,25 â‚ ¬. Some of the restaurants were visited by more than two people at the same time. Because of this fact a table is presented beside the text which shows the different restaurants and how many people have visited each of them. Instrument The instrument which was used for the study was a questionnaire with a Likert-scale from 1-10. The questionnaire focused on different points. Those points are Hygiene, General behavior, attitude, speed of staff service, language, posture, gesture, knowledge, appearance and presentation and general satisfaction. The questionnaire shows also other aspects: The gender of the server, the gender of the student and the average spending per person in the restaurant. Procedure All the 55 students chose a restaurant of their interest. The questionnaire with the Likert-scale from 1-10 was brought to the restaurant. The students filled in the questionnaire during or after the dinner in a discrete manner. It has to happen like this because staff of the restaurant should not get influenced by the fact that they were observed. After every of the 55 students had dinner in the restaurant of his/her choice, all the questionnaires were collected. All the answers of the questionnaires were put in a clear table in excel. Results In the following chapter the results of the quantitative questionnaire for the restaurant visit will be presented. The focus of the questionnaire was laying on the question â€Å"Which sub dimensions of the staff quality influence the guest satisfaction†. For answering this question scatter plots and descriptive statistics were used. With the help of these methods it could be found out which sub dimensions were most equally valued and which variable were the most chosen one. The first method is the mode. It can be seen in it that most of the participants valued the sub dimensions of the staff quality which were given in the questionnaire with a high mark, which means that almost all probands were satisfied with the quality of the staff in the restaurant they have chosen. Hygiene, general behaviour, attitude, speed of staff, language and general satisfaction were valued with an 8 and posture, gesture, knowledge and appearance/presentation with a 7. According to this it can be said that the most participants of the study were more satisfied with the first six sub dimensions which can be seen in the table below than with the 4 sub dimensions which are following (look at table 2). Table 1: Descriptive statistic for the Mode Hygiene| 8| General Behaviour| 8| Attitude| 8| Speed of staff| 8| Language| 8| General Satisfaction| 8| Posture| 7| Gesture| 7| Knowledge| 7| Appearance and presentation| 7| The second method which was used for analyzing the data of the questionnaire was the scatter plot. Therefore the different sub dimensions of the questionnaire were taken in relation with the variable â€Å"General Satisfaction. From the nine valued variables which were compared, four of them were most significant. Those four were therefore the variables which had the highest relation to â€Å"General Satisfaction†.2 The first scatter plot in figure one dealt with the relation â€Å"Appearance/presentation† and â€Å"General Satisfaction†. The dots which can be seen in it lie very close to each other and to the regression line as well which means that almost all of the participants of the questionnaire valued both variables almost with the same mark. The next scatter plot which belongs to figure 1 focused on the sub dimensions â€Å"Posture† and â€Å"General Satisfaction†. It is cognizable that the dots of this plot did not lie that close together like they did in the previous relation which means that the participants did not all had the same opinion about both sub dimensions. The ensuing scatter plot showed how similar the probands valued the relation of â€Å"General Behaviour† and â€Å"General Satisfaction†. Here it can be seen that the dots were further apart than in the other two plots. This finding showed that even more participants than in the other scatter plots valued differently and therefore did not have chosen the same mark. The last scatter plot in figure 1 concentrated on the combination â€Å"Language† and â€Å"General Satisfaction†. It pointed out that the dots of this one had the highest spreading of all four scatter plots. The consequence of this is that only a small amount of the probands valued this relation with the same mark. All in all it can be said that the combination â€Å"Appearance/presentation† and â€Å"General Satisfaction† are the relation which the probands of the questionnaire valued most equally. Mostly all of them had the same opinion about this proportion and have experienced it in a similar way. On the other hand â€Å"Language† and â€Å"General Satisfaction† though is the relation which was assessed most differently. The people who filled out the questionnaire had therefore all a different opinion about this combination. Figure 1: Visualization of the four significant variables In the end it can be said that the reason why the sub dimensions â€Å"average spending per person† and the â€Å"gender of sever† were not involved in the analysis is that both criteria didn’t give enough information for a meaningful and helpful conclusion. Discussion In the chapter of â€Å"Discussion† the findings of the literature review, the results of the questionnaire and therefore also the answer of the three sub questions will be discussed in detail. In the end a few limitations and recommendations on the process and procedure of the research will be named. Students of the Stenden hogeschool carried out a research study about staff quality. All of the students had to form groups and visit a restaurant of their choice. During the visit a questionnaire had to be filled out. This questionnaire consisted of several variables which belong to the topic â€Å"staff quality† like â€Å"Hygiene†, â€Å"General Behaviour† or â€Å"knowledge of the staff†. Those sub dimensions had to be assessed with the help of a likert scale from 1 to 10, whereat 10 meant â€Å"excellent†. After all that, each group had to formulate a main and three or four sub questions concerning staff quality and guest satisfaction. With the help of those questions the results of the questionnaire had to be analyzed. The main question of this paper was â€Å"Which sub dimensions of the staff quality influence the guest satisfaction†. For narrowing down this question a bit three sub questions were formulated. Those sub questions are â€Å"Does the behavior of staff members influence the guest satisfaction?†, â€Å"Does the Appearance of staff influence guest satisfaction?† and â€Å"Does the speed of staff has an influence on the guest satisfaction?†. In the result chapter it could be seen that especially five sub dimensions influence the thinking of the guests. One of these sub dimensions is â€Å"General Behaviour†. After it got taken in relation with â€Å"General Satisfaction† it was cognizable that the people who valued â€Å"General Behaviour† also assessed â€Å"General Satisfaction† almost with the same mark. The mode also showed that â€Å"General Behaviour† were valued from almost all of the probands with an 8 which means that all the staff members in the different restaurants behaved in the correct way. This finding expresses therefore that a good behaviour of the staff influences the g uest satisfaction in a positive way. It also reinforces the first sub question whether the behaviour of staff members influence the guest satisfaction. Also different researchers of the text â€Å"Validating Restaurant Service Quality Dimensions† which was edited in the Literature Review say that a friendly and polite behaviour of the staff members is very important for getting happy and satisfactory guest. The next sub question was about the sub dimension â€Å"Appearance and presentation of staff† and in how far it influences the satisfaction of guests. Concerning the results of the questionnaire, it is cognizable that also this variable influences the guest satisfaction. This conclusion was provable by looking at the relation of â€Å"Appearance/presentation† and â€Å"General Satisfaction†. The probands of the questionnaire had mostly the same opinion about the â€Å"Appearance and presentation of staff† as well as about the â€Å"General Satisfaction†. That means that when they have a special opinion about the first sub dimension they transfer it also to their overall satisfaction. In the mode the variable â€Å"Appearance/presentation† was assessed with a â€Å"7† which means that the majority of the participants were satisfied with this sub dimension. Also the â€Å"General Satisfaction† was valued with a high mark so it cou ld be said that the â€Å"Appearance and presentation of staff† influenced the satisfaction of the participants in a positive way too. In the literature review the author of the text â€Å"Gender Stereotypes and Service Quality in Customer – Waitperson Encounters† also said that the guests always pay attention to the appearance of the staff members. When they are not dressed adequate or looking cultivate people might think that the food they serve will also be dirty and contaminated. Because of this a neat outward appearance is important for making the guests feel comfortable and giving the feeling that everything is hygienic. Only when the guests feel comfortable they are satisfied and happy during and the restaurant visit. These findings confirmed therefore the second sub question whether the â€Å"Appearance and presentation of staff† influences the guest satisfaction. The last sub question dealt with the variable â€Å"speed of staff† and in how far it influences the guest satisfaction. In comparison to the other two sub dimensions, this variable showed another outcome. In the results it was cognizable that only a few of the participants of the questionnaire valued â€Å"speed of staff† with the same mark which means that they did not have the same opinion about this sub dimension. Whereas the first two variables were valued almost the same like â€Å"General Satisfaction†, â€Å"speed of staff† was assessed differently. Because of that this variable does not influence their overall satisfaction that much like â€Å"General Behaviour† and â€Å"Appearance and presentation of staff† These findings also answer the last sub question whether â€Å"speed of staff† influences the guest satisfaction. Although the text called â€Å"Validating Restaurant Service Quality Dimensions† which was worked on in the Literature Review had to be expressed that â€Å"speed of staff† is important for getting satisfactory guests, it seemed that this variable is not that relevant for the participants of this questionnaire. During the analysis of the results two limitations concerning the questionnaire appeared. The first limitation would be that it is not possible to find out which sub dimensions are most important for the guest satisfaction which is normally one of the most essential questions for interpreting in how far staff quality influences the overall satisfaction of guests within a restaurant. A recommendation would be to formulate another question at the bottom of the questionnaire concerning the importance of the sub dimens ions. With this question it would be possible to analyze which aspect is the most important one within staff quality. The second limitation is that only a few people were surveyed. The results would be more reliable if more groups would have had to fill out the questionnaire. It is only possible to formulate meaningful theses concerning a specific topic if a bigger group will be asked because only then it can be make sure that it is not a coincidence when a participant assesses a variable with a good or bad mark. When a bigger amount of probands value a variable with the same mark it is more probable that it really deserves this assessment. References Andersson, D., Mossberg. (2004). The dining experience: do restaurants satisfy customer needs?. Food Service Technology. 4, 171-177. Louh, Hsiang-Fei, Tsaur, Sheng-Hshiung. (2007). Gender Stereotypes and Service Quality in Customer – Waitperson Encounters. Total Quality Management. 18 (9), 1035-1054. Madanoglu, M. (2004). Validating Restaurant Service Quality Dimensions. Journal of Foodservice Business research. 7(4), 127-147. Tobin, R., Huffman, M.(?) . Examining the Impact of Service Times on Overall Guest Satisfaction Perception in the Casual Dining Environment. FIU Review. 24 (1), 42-48.

Controversial Minority Representation in the Film, Birth Of a Nation Es

Controversial Minority Representation in the Film, Birth Of a Nation       Birth of a Nation was a film that broke several artistic boundaries in the film industry yet was seen as the most racist film of any generation. This has caused it to be a film under heavy debate since its release in 1915. One can never look past the racist depictions that this film portrays in it. However, to truly understand the film and explore its importance in the study of minorities in film, one must look at this film from all perspectives. D.W. Griffith grew up in Kentucky under a father who was a Confederate hero and was the first to place the racial views in his head. Here is where the ideals of blacks and whites were created for D.W. Griffith. In his head and in his upbringing, his views of blacks and whites were real. The black race being lower then the whites and never really deserving of equality. That is where the ideal for his film Birth of a Nation originated. As far as he was concerned this was a heroic epic of the white people. This is the first context in which one must explore this film. The second is what was going on in America during the time of this films release. No more then fifty years after the Civil War, this film was made. African-Americans were nowhere near finding equality or having civil rights that they were said to have or presumed to have. Separate but equal was still the main mindset in America. Most of the South still hated African Americans, lynched them, and the KKK was strong. When you look at all these social contexts that were going on during the time of the films release, there is no way that this film was seen as racist in the majority of the population. Most of the South probably saw this mov... ... If it is possible to find one positive racial image, then I am blind. Through its remarkable breakthroughs in film and what the camera could do, Birth of a Nation can be explored as a film that set the standards for future film development and masterpieces. However, one can never look past the way that African-Americans were horribly represented and depicted on film. This has caused this film to be such a great film to explore when studying film and especial minorities in film. This debate will continue way past my life and beyond. One must hope and believe that the ignorance of the few that still see this as a positive image of reality can be overturned and that this film can only be seen as a studying device for all those that look to explore the art of film and the sad realities that can come from the ideals of those who create film and movies.    Controversial Minority Representation in the Film, Birth Of a Nation Es Controversial Minority Representation in the Film, Birth Of a Nation       Birth of a Nation was a film that broke several artistic boundaries in the film industry yet was seen as the most racist film of any generation. This has caused it to be a film under heavy debate since its release in 1915. One can never look past the racist depictions that this film portrays in it. However, to truly understand the film and explore its importance in the study of minorities in film, one must look at this film from all perspectives. D.W. Griffith grew up in Kentucky under a father who was a Confederate hero and was the first to place the racial views in his head. Here is where the ideals of blacks and whites were created for D.W. Griffith. In his head and in his upbringing, his views of blacks and whites were real. The black race being lower then the whites and never really deserving of equality. That is where the ideal for his film Birth of a Nation originated. As far as he was concerned this was a heroic epic of the white people. This is the first context in which one must explore this film. The second is what was going on in America during the time of this films release. No more then fifty years after the Civil War, this film was made. African-Americans were nowhere near finding equality or having civil rights that they were said to have or presumed to have. Separate but equal was still the main mindset in America. Most of the South still hated African Americans, lynched them, and the KKK was strong. When you look at all these social contexts that were going on during the time of the films release, there is no way that this film was seen as racist in the majority of the population. Most of the South probably saw this mov... ... If it is possible to find one positive racial image, then I am blind. Through its remarkable breakthroughs in film and what the camera could do, Birth of a Nation can be explored as a film that set the standards for future film development and masterpieces. However, one can never look past the way that African-Americans were horribly represented and depicted on film. This has caused this film to be such a great film to explore when studying film and especial minorities in film. This debate will continue way past my life and beyond. One must hope and believe that the ignorance of the few that still see this as a positive image of reality can be overturned and that this film can only be seen as a studying device for all those that look to explore the art of film and the sad realities that can come from the ideals of those who create film and movies.   

A Brief Analysis of The Steel Industry Essays -- Industry

Steel Industry In the early part of this century was a time when industry was booming with growth around the installation of major railroads. With this growth came the transatlantic cable, the telegraph, and a whole lot of steel. Steel would be needed in the construction of these new transportation systems and communications were now possible between businesses and industries. (Wren, 2005) This paper will first discuss the development of the steel industry. Next, it will examine steel, and in the impact it had on the transportation industry. Finally, it will discuss systematic management practices of this time and how they gave birth to the scientific approach that is still in use today. Steel The steel industry was needed for almost everything. Alfred D Chandler Jr. could see the potential market value early on. According to Wren: Chandler traced the history of various firms and delineated four phases in the history of the large U.S. enterprise: 1. The initial expansion and accumulation of resources 2. The rationalization of the use of resources 3. The expansion into new markets and lines to help assure the full use of resources; 4. The development of a new structure that rationalized the renewal of growth. For many companies, the phases started and ended at different times, depending on the state of technology and the firm’s ability to react and capitalize on market opportunities. Chandler further noted two facets of industrial growth: 1. Horizontal growth from 1879 to 1893- which occurred when producers of similar fields combined through mergers, pools, or trusts to gain economies of scale, and 2. Vertical growth from 1898 to 1904- which occurred when firms moved backward or forward in ter... ...vents/pande01.html English Online. (Ed.). (n.d.). The Industrial Revolution. Retrieved April 23, 2012, from English-online.com Web site: http://www.english-online.at/history/industrial-revolution/industrial-revolution-manufacturing.htm History.com. (Ed.). (n.d.). Andrew Carnegie. Retrieved April 23, 2012, from History.com Web site: http://www.history.com/topics/andrew-carnegie Kernsanalysis.com. (Ed.). (n.d.). An Overview of Management. Retrieved April 24, 2012, from Fredrick Taylor Scientific Management Web site: http://www.kernsanalysis.com/sjsu/ise250/history.htm Vectorstudy.com. (Ed.). (2008). Henri Fayol Management Gurus. Retrieved April 25, 2012, from Vector Study.com Web site: http://www.vectorstudy.com/management_gurus/henri_fayol.htm Wren. (2005). The History of Management Thought (5th ed.). Danvers, MA: Wiley & Sons. (Original work published 1976)

Psychological Distress and Coping Strategies Among Transgenders Essay

â€Å"Why compare yourself with others? No one in the entire world can do a better job of being you than you†.1 Transgender is a general term applied to a variety of individuals, behaviors, and groups involving tendencies to vary from culturally conventional gender roles. Transgender is the state of one’s â€Å"gender identity† (self-identification as woman, man, neither or both) not matching ones â€Å"assigned sex† (identification by others as male, female or intersex based on physical/genetic sex). A transgender individual may have characteristics that are normally associated with a particular gender, identify elsewhere on the traditional gender continuum, or exist outside of it as â€Å"other†, â€Å"agender†, â€Å"Genderqueer†, or â€Å"third gender†. Transgender people may also identify as bigender, or along several places on either the traditional transgender continuum, or the more encompassing continuums which have been developed in response to the significantly more detailed studies done in recent years. 2 ‘Transgender’ refers to a person, male or female, who dresses, acts or presents in a manner that differs from his or her gender norm. ‘Transgender’ includes transvestites (both fetish and dual-role), drag queens, drag kings, androgynes and genderqueers. It does not include transsexual people.3 The transgender community in India, known as hijras, number up to a million people and occupy a unique role in society. On the one hand, they are called upon to offer blessings during auspicious occasions like weddings and at births. The rest of the time, they are not only ignored but often ostracized from society.4 Transgender individuals are commonly viewed as a part of the lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) community, forming the commonly known acronym LGBT. However, inclusion of transgender individuals within the sexual orientation political movement, and at social or cultural gay/lesbian events is highly debated. This is due to the division of sexual orientation and gender identity, which, though correlated, are different constructs. Whereas sexual orientation refers to one’s emotional, romantic and sexual attraction to others, gender identity refers to the person’s relationship to their gender and is largely independent of orientation. It is important to make the distinction between sex and gender. Sex is biological and physical (e.g., chromosomes, hormones, gonads), while gender is psychologically and socially constructed. For transgender individuals, gender is not congruent with sex. In order to align sex and gender a transgender individual may or may not undergo medical treatment, such as hormones or surgery. 5 Psychological distress is the end result of factors–example, psychogenic pain, internal conflicts, and external stress that prevent a person from self-actualization and connecting with ‘significant others’6. Coping is the expending conscious effort to solve personal and interpersonal problems, and seeking to master, minimize or tolerate stress or conflict. Psychological coping mechanisms are commonly termed coping strategies or coping skills. The term coping generally refers to adaptive or constructive coping strategies, i.e., the strategies reduce stress levels. Furthermore, the term coping generally refers to reactive coping, i.e., the coping response follows the stressor. This contrasts with proactive coping, in which a coping response aims to head off a future stressor7. Brief Resume of Intended Work 6.1 NEED FOR STUDY The term transgender (TG) was popularized in the 1970s (but implied in the 1960) describing people who wanted to live cross-gender without sex reassignment surgery. In the 1980s the term was expanded to an umbrella term, and became popular as a means of uniting all those whose gender identity did not mesh with their gender assigned at birth. In the 1990s, the term took on a political dimension as an alliance covering all who have at some point not conformed to gender norms, and the term became used to question the validity of those norms or pursue equal rights and anti-discrimination legislation, leading to its widespread usage in the media, academic world and law. The term continues to evolve.2 The population of hijras in India is estimated to be between 50,000 and 1.2 million. There is a huge disparity in the numbers because population censuses only give space to define either males or females. There are no reliable statistics. Tamil Nadu in a path breaking move has come to recogni ze transgenders – (the term itself is no monolith as transgender is more of an umbrella term). 8 Most hijras live at the margins of society with very low status; the very word â€Å"hijra† is sometimes used in a derogatory manner. Few employment opportunities are available to hijras. Many get their income from performing at ceremonies, begging, or sex work—an occupation of eunuchs also recorded in premodern times. Violence against hijras, especially hijra sex workers, is often brutal, and occurs in public spaces, police stations, prisons, and their homes. As with transgender people in most of the world, they face extreme discrimination in health, housing, education, employment, immigration, law, and any bureaucracy that is unable to place them into male or female gender categories. 9 Discrimination has prevented most hijras from obtaining decent education, jobs and housing, say transgender and human rights activists. The vast majority live in slums and, with limited job opportunities, resort to sex work or begging. They weave in and out of Mumbai’s traffic or come onto the women’s compartments of local trains, clap loudly and take money in exchange for a blessing. While hijras continue to face discrimination, they have also made significant social and legal gains in recent years. Last July, the Delhi High Court decriminalized gay sex, and in November, transgenders won the right to be listed as â€Å"other† rather than â€Å"male† or â€Å"female† on electoral rolls and voter identity cards.4 Tamil Nadu has an estimated population of 30,000 transgender people. It has made great strides in trying to integrate transgender people into society. This includes welfare schemes initiated by the Government and acceptance of transgender people into the mainstream media and film industry.10 The Hijra of India are probably the most well known and populous third sex type in the modern world – Mumbai-based community health organisation The Humsafar Trust estimates there are between 5 and 6 million hijras in India. In different areas they are known as Aravani/Aruvani or Jogappa. Often (somewhat misleadingly) called eunuchs in English, they may be born intersex or apparently male, dress in feminine clothes and generally see themselves as neither men. In June 2009, the Supreme Court of Pakistan ordered a census of hijras, who number between 80,000 and 300,000 in Pakistan. In December 2009, Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry, the Chief Justice of Pakistan, ordered that the National Database and Registration Authority issue national identity cards to members of the community showing their â€Å"distinct† gender. 11 In a national school climate survey on the school related experiences of our nation’s lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth, 55 percent of transgender youth report being physically attacked.33.2 percent of transgender youth have attempted suicide. 74 percent of transgender youth reported being sexually harassed at school, and 90 percent of transgender youth reported feeling unsafe at school because of their gender expression In a survey of 403 transgender people, 78 percent reported having been verbally harassed and 48 percent reported having been victims of assault, including assault with a weapon, sexual assault or rape. A study was found that bisexual students in Massachusetts and Vermont were three to six times more likely to use cocaine than their straight classmates.12 A study conducted on fifty-five transgender youth described their gender development and some of the stressful life experiences related to their gender identity and gender expression. More than two-thirds of youth reported past verbal abuse by their parents or peers related to their gender identity and nonconformity, and approximately one-fifth to one-third reported past physical abuse. The more gender non-conforming the youth were, the more abuse they reported. Four aspects of psychological resilience were examined: a sense of personal mastery, self-esteem, perceived social support, and emotion-oriented coping. A regression model of the selected aspects of resilience accounted for 40–55 percent of the variance in relation to depression, trauma symptoms, mental health symptoms, and internalizing and externalizing problems. Emotion-oriented coping was a significant predictor of negative mental health as determined by each of the mental health variables 13. A study conducted by GLSEN found that over 85 percent of trans students reported verbal harassment based on their sexual orientation and gender identity. Nearly half (49.5 percent) reported physical harassment based on these characteristics, and a third (34.1 percent) reported being physically assaulted. Transgender students get harassed much more often than their classmates: the study found that transgender students were over four times more likely to be verbally harassed because of their gender expression. The dramatically higher frequency of such victimization among transgender people is alarming, and as one would assume, has significant effects on a student’s ability to learn. 14 Psychiatric nurses are often in ideal position to assess the health and its problems and to offer education and support. Nurse needs to be knowledgeable about psychological distress and coping mechanism among Transgender people. When the nurse develops an effective plan for nursing management, she should consider family involvement, appropriate referral resources. The above studies highlight the psychological distress faced by the transgenders. As there is a dearth of research studies on transgenders in nursing, the researcher felt the need to contribute, explore and identify the psychological distress and coping strategies among transgenders. 6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE A study conducted on the fear of experiencing discrimination often provokes symptoms of psychological distress. One coping resource is positive identification with one’s social group–known as collective self-esteem. This preliminary study investigated whether collective self-esteem was related to fears regarding a transsexual identity and psychological distress among 53 self-identified male-to-female transsexuals (mean age = 50.79 years). Participants were recruited from transgender events held in Arizona and California. The majority (81 percent) reported living full-time as women (mean length of time living as a woman = 6.33 years). Negative feelings about the transsexual community and fears regarding the impact of a transsexual identity were positively related to psychological distress. A regression model revealed that the fear of how a transsexual identity would affect one’s life was the best predictor of the severity of psychological distress. These results a re consistent with findings from other historically marginalized groups, whereby the stress of being stigmatized by society adversely affects mental health. 15 A study used three focus groups to explore factors that affect the experiences of youth (ages 15 to 21) that identify as transgender. The focus groups were designed to probe transgender youths’ experiences of vulnerability in the areas of health and mental health. This involved their exposure to risks, discrimination, marginalization, and their access to supportive resources. Three themes emerged from an analysis of the groups’ conversations. The themes centered on gender identity and gender presentation, sexuality and sexual orientation, and vulnerability and health issues. Most youth reported feeling they were transgender at puberty, and they experienced negative reactions to their gender atypical behaviors, as well as confusion between their gender identity and sexual orientation. Youth noted four problems related to their vulnerability in health-related areas: the lack of safe environments, poor access to physical health services, inadequate resources to address their mental health concerns, and a lack of continuity of care giving by their families and communities16. A study conducted on the sexual minority status is a key risk factor for suicide among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth; however, it has not been studied among transgender youth. Fifty-five transgender youth reported on their life-threatening behaviours. Nearly half of the sample reported having seriously thought about taking their lives and one quarter reported suicide attempts. Factors significantly related to having made a suicide attempt included suicidal ideation related to transgender identity; experiences of past parental verbal and physical abuse; and lower body esteem, especially weight satisfaction and thoughts of how others evaluate the youths’ bodies. Sexual minority status is a key risk factor for life-threatening behaviours among transgender youth.17 A recent study undertaken to understand the level of General wellbeing of Male-to-female (MTF) Transgender population living in Chennai shed light on the mental health concerns of the transgender population in Chennai. The study consisted of transgender (n=33), and that had been selected for the study by using Purposive sampling technique because it was a challenge to collect data from the population, given their obscurity. A standardized Tamil version of the Wellbeing Questionnaire-12 was used. As for the results of the quantitative data, 75.76 percent of the samples fell under Average Wellbeing Category, 24.24 percent of samples fell under Better Wellbeing Category and 0 percent fell under Poor Wellbeing Category. From the In-Depth Interviews it is inferred that the socio-economic status of Transgender is very poor, they feel inferior to others and are constantly humiliated and il l-treated by the society at large. However, support within the community is strong.18 A research study has documented the link between mental health disorders and discrimination. The coming-out process for an older LGBT person, who has lived most of his or her life in a hostile or intolerant environment, can induce significant stress and contribute to lower life satisfaction and self-esteem. Managing social stressors such as prejudice, stigmatization, violence, and internalized homophobia over long periods of time results in higher risks of depression, suicide, risky behaviour, and substance abuse. LGBT populations, therefore, may be at increased risk for these and other mental disorders. There may be a higher lifetime prevalence of affective disorders in LGBT persons, but no difference in current prevalence of such disorders. However, while little is known about the actual prevalence of mental health disorders in LGBT adults, even less is known about the prevalence of mental health disorders in older LGBT adults. 19 A study examined the relationship between psychological well-being variables (i.e., depression, anxiety, and self-esteem) and level of outness in male-to-female (M t F) transsexuals. Participants were 105 M t F transsexual attendees at an annual transgender conference held in Atlanta, Georgia. Participants completed seven questionnaires, including the Demographics Questionnaire, the Outness Demographics Questionnaire, the Outness Attitude Scale, the Openness Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. A canonical correlation was conducted with psychological well-being variables as the predictor and the outness variables as the criterion. Results indicated that psychological well-being variables are related to outness. Treatment implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed. 20 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM A study to assess the psychological distress and coping strategies among transgenders in a selected area, Bangalore. 6.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. To assess the psychological distress among transgenders in a selected area, Bangalore. 2. To assess the coping strategies among transgenders in selected area, Bangalore. 3. To find out the relationship between psychological distress and coping strategies among transgenders in selected area, Bangalore. 4. To find out the association between the psychological distress and coping strategies among transgenders with selected demographic variables. 6.4 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS * ASSESS: In this study, assess refers to an organized and systematic way of finding out the psychological distress and coping strategies among transgender. * PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS: In this study, psychological distress refers to the failure of the people to respond adequately to mental, emotional, or physical demands which will be assessed by using Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. * COPING STRATEGIES: In this study coping strategies refers to the mechanism that adapted by the transgenders to overcome the distress which will be assessed by using Coping Strategies Survey. * TRANSGENDER: In this study, transgender refers to people those are born with a particular gender but have the behaviour and characteristics of opposite gender. HYPOSTHESIS H1- There is a significant relationship between psychological distress and coping strategies. H2- There is significant association between psychological distresses with selected demographic variables. H3 – There is significant association between coping strategies with selected demographic variables. 6.5 ASSUMPTIONS * Transgenders adopt different coping strategies to overcome psychological distress. VARIABLES UNDER THE STUDY * Research variable: * Psychological distress * Coping strategies. * Demographic variable: Age, education, religion, marital status, cultural background, socio economic status, area of residence, past experiences. DELIMITATIONS: * The study is delimited to selected areas of Bangalore. * The study is limited to 100 samples. 7. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 7.1 SOURCE OF DATA The data will be collected from the transgender in selected areas in Bangalore. RESEARCH APPROACH: The investigator will use descriptive exploratory approach to conduct the study. RESEARCH DESIGN: The research design for the study will be descriptive survey design. RESEARCH SETTINGS: Study will be done in the selected NGO’s for transgenders in Bangalore. POPULATION: The target population for study is transgenders in selected area. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE: Investigator is using purposive sampling technique to draw the samples. SAMPLE SIZE: The sample size will be 100 transgenders. SAMPLING CRITERIA: INCLUSION CRITERIA: * People who are willing to participate in this study. * People who know English and Kannada. * People present at the time of data collection. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: * People who are terminally ill or have critical illness. METHODS OF COLLECTING DATA Structured self reporting technique will be used to collect the data. Permission will be taken from samples and an informed consent will be obtained from the samples. 7.2 DATA COLLECTION TOOL * Part I – it consists of demographic variables like age, gender, education, socio-economic status, area of residence, past experiences. * Part II – the investigator will use Kessler Psychological Distress Scale for psychological distress and Coping Strategies Survey for assessing coping strategies. DATA ANALYSIS METHOD: * The data will be analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. * Descriptive statistics like mean, frequency, percentages and standard deviation will be used. * Inferential statistics like â€Å"correlation co-efficient† and â€Å"chi- square† methods will be used. 7.3 DOES THE STUDY REQUIRE ANY INVESTIGATION OR INTERVENTION TO BE CONDUCTED ON PATIENTS OR OTHER HUMAN OR ANIMAL? IF SO PLEASE DESCRIBE BRIEFLY. * No, this is a descriptive study, it does not require any investigation to be conducted on patients or human or animals. 7.4 HAS ETHICAL CLEARENCE BEEN OBTAINED FROM YOUR INSTITUTION? * Yes, the ethical clearance certificate has been enclosed. 8. REFERENCES: 1. Available from: URL: http://thinkexist.com/search/searchquotation.asp?search=self+esteem 2. Gay and Lesbian Alliance against Defamation (online). 2010 May ( cited 2011 Feb 24); Available from: URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgender 3. Available from: URL: http://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070926024655AAZAbtB 4. Hanna Ingber Win. Global post. Transgender India: Banned in Bombay? (Online) 2010 April 10; 1(8). Available from: URL: http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/india/100409/india-transgender-scandal-banned-bombay 5. Kayden Z Healy. Internalized Transphobia, Minority Stress, and Collective Self-Esteem. June 2011 6. Available from: URL: http://medicaldictionary.thefreedictionary.com/psychological+distress 7. Carver, Connor-Smith J. Personality and coping, Annual Review of Psychology. (2010). P. 61, 679 – 704. Available from: URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coping_(psychology) 8. Indian and Hijra (online). 2008 Nov 30 Available from: URL: http://shantanudutta.sulekha.com/blog/post/2008/11/indian-and-hijra.htm 9. Ravaging the Vulnerable: Abuses against Persons at High Risk of HIV Infection in Bangladesh (online). 2003 Aug: Available from: URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijra_(South_Asia) 10. Chennai: Move on toilets for transgenders sparks off debate (online). 2009 Jun 23: Available from: URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Tamil_Nadu 11. Ahmed M. Scalo Publishers (online). 2001 Sep 15: Available from: URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_gender 12. Available from: URL: http://www.youthprideri.org/Resources/Statistics/tabid/227/Default.aspx 13. Arnold H G, Anthony R D, John A F. Aspe cts of Psychological Resilience among Transgender Youth. Journal of LGBT Youth (serial online) 2011 (cited 2011 Apr 08); 8(2): (2y screens). Available from: URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19361653.2011.541347 14. Tonei Glavinic. Student plus online academic student journal. Research Shows Lack of Support for Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Youth in U.S. School Systems 2009 January 24; 1. 15. Sanchez, Francisco J, Vilain, Eric. Journal of Counseling Psychology. Collective self-esteem as a coping resource for male-to-female transsexuals 2009 Jan; 56(1): 202-9. 16. Arnold H. G, Anthony R. D. Transgender Youth. Journal of Homosexuality (serial online) 2006 (cited 2008 oct 17); 51(1): (2y screens). Available from: URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J082v51n01_06 17. Arnold H. G, Anthony R. D. Transgender Youth. Life-Threatening Behaviors. 2010 Dec 18. Thilakaravi. Mental Health Concerns of Transgender Population Living in Chennai, South India – A Study. MeD INDIA Networking for health January 2011. 19. Mark J Simone, Jonathan. Appelbaum. Clinical gediatrics. Addressing the Needs of Older Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Adults: 2011; 19(2) p.38-45. 20. Jeffrey D Strain, I Michael Shuff. Psychological Well-Being and Level of Outness in a Population of Male-to-Female Transsexual Women Attending a National Transgender Conference. International Journal of Transgenderis: 2010 oct-dec p. 230-240.