The spanish conquerors Essay Example for Free

The spanish conquerors Essay By the 16th century the Spanish empire was sending expeditions to expand their colonies. With the blessing of the Pope the Spaniards sent expeditions mainly to expand their economy in the guise of spreading the Catholic Faith. Countries like Cuba, Philippines, Mexico and etc. were colonized. The Spanish fleet landed at the Yucatan and Mexican Coasts and started conquering the land in the name of the King of Spain who they say was put in power by God himself. Mexico was named New Spain and was under their rule for three hundred years. There were revolutions by the indigenous groups but none was successful due to advance artilleries of the Spanish Conquerors. Any uprising was immediately crushed by the government. They were subjected to Catholicism, slavery, tributes and other Spanish customs. Churches, Schools and other institutions where built to further pacify the natives. Friars and Dominican priests were sent to educate them and to localize the Catholic Faith so that it would be easier for the natives to make the transition. The Spanish Regime introduced the â€Å"Suffering Christ† which taught the people to be patient and endure sufferings for those who do so will be rewarded in the end. Religion was used by the Spaniards as a tool for oppression and as a way of collecting taxes. In the structure of the Spanish government, religion is regarded as more powerful than the social justice therefore everyone is subjected to the Church making it the most power institution in society. The priest on the other hand was the most powerful individual in society. Tributes were collected from the natives. All its natural resources, mainly silver, wheat, sugar cane, and etc was exploited for the purpose of export to other countries. This caused unrest since there is a flow of wealth out of the country leaving Mexico impoverished. Land was confiscated from the natives and was transformed into Haciendas wherein they planted money crops having the natives as farmers. Only a portion of the land was rented to the natives and some are even held as slaves. The crops were exported through the Galleon Trade which supported the economy of Spain. Social class was also changed in favor of the conquerors. The highest among the class were the Peninsulares which are composed of pure blooded Spaniards who where born in Spain. Next to them are the Creoles which are pure blooded Spaniards born in the colonies of Spain. Then the Mestizo which is half Spanish individuals and then the natives which are regarded as higher than the blacks. The irony of it is that the natives are the ones who rightfully own the land but they are the lowest in the social strata. They were the ones subjected to taxes, land acquisitions of friars, polo y servicio which is a required service for the government for a span of six months in a year without pay, curfews and other laws that directly undermine their rights as citizens of their country. The natives were also forced to strictly follow the religious customs and totally abandon their pagan religion and demigods. They were baptized and those who refuse to do so are called as an outcast in society which they call as â€Å"excomunicado†. The excomunicados are stripped of what little right a citizen has and at time hunted by the church and imprisoned or exiled. There was also little social mobility since the social strata was based on race. If one is born a native, there is no hope from him to alleviate his strata and will therefore suffer the same faith that his ancestors did. It was impossible to move from one class to another unless you marry those of the upper class. However this case is only applicable to native women since the Peninsulares are very protective of their women. This posted a problem for the Native men since all mothers wanted their daughters to marry a Peninsular creating a shortage in wives for the native men. High positions in the government were also limited to the upper classes which are the Peninsulares. This led to social unrest since the Creoles wanted to hold office. This created resentment and dissatisfaction among the classes. Many factors affected the declaration of freedom from Spain and some of these are the problems mentioned above. First is the inequality brought about by the case system, the flow of wealth which directly benefits Spain, the inability of Spain to support the needs of its colonies since at that time there was also crisis in their own nation, and the influx of new ideas from Europe and America with regards to Liberalism and democracy. After three hundred years of being under the Spanish Rule freedom was given to the native.

Economic Growth and Standards of Living

Economic Growth and Standards of Living International Marketing Tehniat Zafar Is it possible for an economy to experience economic growth as measured by GNP without rise in standard of living? Discuss. Ans: A Nation’s â€Å"GNP† Gross National product is the total amount of its economic production and resources. On the other hand, The Gross National Product amount in no way specifies the method in which this wealth or money is circulated in the economy. There are many cases in â€Å"under-developed† states like 1% of the inhabitants may or would control 80 % of the wealth as there is a large income disparity and unequal distribution of wealth. Therefore, however the economy may develop and the amount of GNP will escalate significantly. It is not necessary that the largest ratio of the people may experience an appropriate increase in their standard of living because population rate is so high in these nations. Population growth is one major problem. Nevertheless, total national income might significantly rise because there will be more workforce. The average per capita GNP will decrease if population growth is tremendously great because there is a large amount of income disparity among people. GNP measures the economic condition of the country that how the economy is towards growth. Acording to an assumption: All other things equal, A rise in GNP will read to an increase in the standard of living people aswell. Vice versa that if a nation increase its standard of living their GNP rate will increase aswell. One benefit public can benfit from higher growth rate is that the will be consuming more goods and services and it is also an economic assumption that consumption is related to utility and higher consumption in terms of theory there is greater level of prosperity. Higher growth rates results in higher tax revenues and when the tax revenues will increase the government can spend more on siginificant services like health, roads, education. It is a known fact that improved health can also lead to improved standard of living and better educational standards can promote literacy and development as education is a significant tool of welfare and prosperity. If a country’s growth rates are high the unemployment rate will also decrease as there will be more jobs. As employment is a major reason of social problems and issues but structural unemployment like due to technological changes will not decrease. Law of Diminishing returns is an economic theory, which means that the tenth unit of a good will give much less satisfaction than the first one. For example if we already have two luxury cars, will our living standards actually recover if we now have the ability to own three cars now? Frequently as economic growth expands earnings, people progressively save their wealth as this is basically because they fight to find whatever expressive to devote their wealth on and which is suitable for them Economic growth can also increase pollution. Global warming side effects are becoming a significant problem for the society. On contrary to it high economic growth can be used develop better techniques to lessen the effects of pollution and pollution itself. As there is a large amount of income disparity and unequal distribution of wealth high economic growth can cause more increased inequality because educated people will get more benefit and illiterate people will not get as much benefits as compared to educated people. Higher economic growth results in higher incomes and wages of people and because of that the crime rate increases aswell because crime is not basically related to poverty it is mostly related to theft, as you can see in the late 50’s or 60’s technological gadgets like mobiles phones and tablets were non existent and in today’s world these gadgets are the ones which mostly get stolen and these thefts are higher now. Higher growth rate will affect standard of living as the people will start to work more hours thus disturbing their personal life. They will get higher incomes but they wont be having enough time to spend it with their family with peace. As the economic growth will increase many diseases will increase aswell as you saw that in today’s standard of living obesity is a common disease as people have money and increased prosperity they avoid doing work themselves or even to cook food for their self so they just go out buy all tha fast junk food which later result in many new diseases in them. It’s a proven fact that when an economy’s growth rate rises the income increases aswell money is more available to people through employment oppurtunities when the economy is powerful people spend more money and consume more products. As a country develops, income arises, population growth shifts, expectation for a better life gets high, people’s demands arise. Economic rapidness affects the consumer behavior and in every dynamic economy consumer and consumption patterns change rapidly High standards of living is directly related to rapid economic growth as the workforce of economy will expand and they will produce more and the public will consume more so it’s a direct relationship that as production will increase consumption will increase aswell. Labor productivity increases with increasing growth rate, increased productivity helps the economy in the long run to a much greater extent then it hurts the labour force. As the productivity upsurges, so do the sum of goods and marketplaces open. Likewise, as products turn out to be less lavish, due to more well-organized manufacture techniques, the amount demanded for some of those goods also upsurges. Low developed countries are more benfited with high growth rates because they are more in need of it as developed countries. High economic growth help the nation to deal with many crucial problems of poverty, unjustice, basic facilities etc. We cannot say that economic growth is destined to bring unhappiness in fact we have to connect the potential of economic growth to make sure it really does increase the living standards of the inhabitants. A country which lacks productivity will have lower wages and income as compared to countries with higher productivity levels. High standard of living demand prosperity and for prosperity the proper system of health, care, nutrition and life expectancy must be assured. The more prosperous an economy will be the more his citizens will healthy and fit and in this way they will work for their nation more efficiently. We cannot say that prosperity stays stationary. As an alternative many nation’s over time become or less affluent. An economic boom may or may not bring prosperity to that country. Higher livings standards basically benefit majorly all the inhabitants of an economy a rapid increase in labor supply will result in labor demand aswell thus minimizing the chances of unemployment. High growth economy lead to high incentive so when the living standard of the population will increase people will more like to invest more because of the incentive the economy is offering and this will improve their standard of living more. If we take a look at the history 1950 or 1960 in USA’s rapid high growth resulted in inquality which resulted in a decrease in standard of living. Consequently, we analysed some benefits and drawbacks of economic growth for our living standards and we can observe that there is no a particular answer to that question that whether standard of living is affected with rapid growth rate or not, but I think that economic growth hints to upsurge in living standards of the people because the high economic growth can solve the most crucial and significant problems with learning and well-being or depletion of goods, products and services and these things are far more vital than an disparity or lengthier working hours for labour and working class.

Killer Bees Essay examples -- essays research papers

The Africanized Honey Bee is actually a variety of honeybee derived by hybridization from African honeybees naturalized in the western hemisphere. Because they are highly defensive and will attack perceived intruders more readily than the common European honeybee, they are also known by the popular name of â€Å"killer bees.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Brazilian scientists imported African honeybee queens in the 1950’s in order to breed a honeybee for use in tropical climates. Some swarms escaped into the wild. Because they were highly adapted for tropical survival and had no natural competitors, they thrived and spread rapidly through South America, extending their range by as much as 500 km (300 mi) per year. By the 1980s, Africanized honeybees had reached Central America and soon colonized Mexico. In 1990, the first swarm was found in the United States. The bees spread from Texas to New Mexico and Arizona and then into California by 1994.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The bees reached an apparent climatic limit to their southern range in the middle of Argentina, and their range is expected to be similarly limited to the southern and coastal states in the United States. They have hybridized to some extent with resident wild and hive populations of European honeybees. However, many of the basic African honeybee traits remain, including rapid population growth, frequent swarming, minimal hoarding of honey, the ability to survive on sparse supplies of pollen and nectar, and a ...

The Role of Scholars in the Era of Digital Texts Essay -- Education Me

In her introduction to Electronic Text: Investigations in Method and Theory, Kathryn Sutherland asks if there is "a real danger that the scholar-worker, toiling for years in the remote regions of the library stacks in the hope of becoming expert in one small field, will be transformed by the computer into the technician, the nerdy navigator able to locate, transfer, and appropriate at an ever faster rate expert entries from a larger set of information that he/she no longer needs or desires to understand" (Sutherland 10). Her inquiry is based on an issue that still plagues many scholars: with quick access to so much digitized information, how do we evaluate what we still need and desire to understand? Of course, her question implies that evaluating printed information is an evaluation based on less access and therefore a smaller set of information, and evaluating printed information is not an uncomplicated issue; it is one which scholars reconsider constantly. One such group—li terary scholar-workers—may spend years "toiling" over similar versions of a printed text in order to produce a singe representative edition. In the case of Christopher Marlowe's The Tragedie of Doctor Faustus, for example, there is no extant manuscript, nine versions were printed between 1604 and 1631, and the first appeared almost nine years after Marlowe's death. Those that appeared in 1604, 1609, and 1611 are similar and are collectively known as the A-text. The 1616, 1619, 1620, 1624, 1628, and 1631 versions are also similar and known as the B-text. Which one should a reader or scholar consult? Remarkably different, the A- and B- texts have inspired an extensive amount of critical commentary and scholarly editors since W.W. Greg appear to agree on one ... ... 2. Binda, Hillary. "An Overview of this Electronic Doctor Faustus." Accessed October 2004.. 3. Greg, W.W., ed. Marlowe's Doctor Faustus' 1604-1616: Parallel Texts. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1950. 4. Lavagnino, John. "Completeness and adequacy in text encoding." The Literary Text in the Digital Age. Finneran, Richard J. (Ed.), Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1996. 5. Schreibman, Susan. "Computer-mediated Texts and Textuality: Theory and Practice." In Siemens (Ed.). A New Computer-Assisted Literary Criticism? Special edition of Computers and the Humanities, 36:283-293, (2002). 6. --"The Versioning Machine." Literary and Linguistic Computing, 18:1 (2003). 7. Sutherland, Kathryn (Ed.). "Introduction." Electronic Text: Investigations in Method and Theory. Clarendon Press: Oxford, 1997.

Computers in the Classroom :: Technology Education Learning Essays

Computers in the Classroom Education has recently become a major media topic, drawing daily headlines in newspapers across the country. One issue on this topic is the recent rush to increase technology in the schools. This frequently is referred to as educational technology. Educational technology is defined as " the theory and practice of design, development, utilization, management and evaluation of process and resources for learning" (Ely 2000). The thought of incorporating technology into the classroom is an idea occurring only thorough the 20th century. This concept evolved during and immediately following WWII, when technology began to increase and became available for individual use. The originators of increased technology in the classroom focused on the use of audiovisual media, such as TV and video clips. Today when we say educational technology we most frequently refer to the use of computers in the classroom or similar electronic devices. There are many positive aspects of having computers present in the classroom and used as a tool throughout the learning process, especially in math and science. This is a relatively new idea, considering computer use has increased dramatically over the past 10 years. Few deny that students do not require computer access in school, however some individuals feel this ultimately will negatively affect schools and students. I however am not one of those individuals. I feel computer technology can positively affect many areas of education. In this paper I will cover the areas of computer impact on constructivism, possible assessment processes of the future, and technology use with at-risk students. With increasing standards across the country, many students are falling behind their peers. These students are considered "at-risk" for academic failure. In the past, these students were educated through tracking at a lower level, by narrowing specific circulla, rigid instructional procedure, and pullout programs. However, recent studies show that by "not challenging at-risk students or encouraging them to use complex thinking skills schools underestimate the students’ capabilities (Means 1997). Consequently not providing them with the best education possible. Many students that are at-risk have difficulty with subject matter because it is irrelevant, uninteresting, or too abstract for them to absorb, ultimately the students do not try in school and eventually fail out. Well it sounds like an easy solution then; make the lessons relevant to the student’s life.

St Jude Childrens Research Hospital Health And Social Care Essay

St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital is a not-for-profit infirmary located in the bosom of Memphis, Tennessee. It is an internationally recognized infirmary that pioneered research determination remedies and salvaging kids with malignant neoplastic disease and other ruinous diseases. It treats patients from all 50 provinces and around the universe, without respect to ability to pay, ne'er necessitating households to pay for intervention non covered by insurance ( St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital, 2010 ) . St. Jude remains the first and merely paediatric malignant neoplastic disease centre designated as a Comprehensive Cancer Center by the National Cancer Institute ( St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital, 2010 ) . It is presently ranked foremost in Children ‘s Hospitals for malignant neoplastic disease attention ( U.S. News and World Report, 2010 ) . St Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital encompasses an extended and impressive mission, vision, and set of values. The mission of St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital is to progress remedies, and agencies of bar, for paediatric ruinous diseases through research and intervention. Consistent with the vision of our laminitis Danny Thomas, no kid is denied intervention based on race, faith, or a household ‘s ability to pay. ( St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital, 2010 ) St. Jude has a vision to be a universe leader in the intervention and bar of ruinous diseases in kids ( St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital, 2010 ) . They aim to run into this by supplying exceeding patient attention and extended clinical research to better understand the ruinous diseases of childhood, enhance results of intervention, prevent diseases, minimize hurtful effects of intervention, and educate health care and research professionals on such findings ( St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital, 2010 ) . The overall end of these undertakings is to happen a remedy and heighten the quality of life for the kids they treat. To make a larger part of the affected population, they work to spread out and portion this cognition to heighten the intervention of kids with ruinous diseases worldwide, working towards a scheme for disease bar ( St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital, 2010 ) . St. Jude extremely values their patients, households, and givers that enable them to move out their Mission. To adequately adopt their Mission and vision, the organisation has outlined an expressed set of values and criterions to steer their day-to-day actions and determinations. To guarantee attachment, ongoing preparation and rating is conducted ( St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital, 2010 ) . The values include: advancing ethical behaviour, supplying the highest quality of medical and supportive family-centered attention, esteeming ethical, cultural, spiritual, and lifestyle differences of all those involved in the infirmary, advancing wise disbursement of every dollar donated back to the attention and research for the patients it treats, keeping a committedness to a civilization of excellence, invention, and creativeness in all that they do, holding a thrust and sense of urgency to win, being honest and accountable for actions and determinations, and cultivation of an env ironment of trust, teamwork, and regard ( St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital, 2010 ) . St. Jude does a antic occupation adhering to their Mission, vision, and values as noted through their increased endurance rate of all paediatric malignant neoplastic diseases, high quality attention, repeated ranking of the figure one infirmary for paediatric malignant neoplastic disease attention, and run intoing fiscal demands of the constitution with ne'er inquiring households to pay for interventions that insurance fails to cover. This last part has remained highly of import to the infirmary since first gap as most patients who enter through infirmary doors have already maxed out their life-time insurance caps and lack the support to go on paying for the apparently eternal infirmary measures ( St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital, 2010 ) . To be accepted as a patient at St. Jude, a kid must hold a diagnosing particular to a current disease in survey and be referred by doctors. The patient must be no older than 18 and by and large non hold received extended intervention elsewhere. ( St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital, 2010 ) . While the St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital campus is an independent wellness attention system, their ace research integrates them with kids ‘s infirmaries throughout the universe ( St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital, 2010 ) . St. Jude conducts all research and primary surveies within their campus but freely portions this research with infirmaries throughout the universe ( St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital, 2010 ) . Because of this cooperation, there is minimum fight from other installations but instead a system that works together for the interest of the kids enduring from ruinous diseases. St. Jude is the national coordinating centre for the Pediat ric Brain Tumor Consortium and the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study ( St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital, 2010 ) . On top of the exceeding research and attention provided for paediatric malignant neoplastic disease, St. Jude is a leader in reaping hook cell disease research and has become a primary research centre for grippe throughout the universe ( St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital, 2010 ) . St. Jude is internationally recognized for open uping the research and intervention of paediatric patients enduring from malignant neoplastic disease and other ruinous diseases ( St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital, 2010 ) . Because of the work St. Jude has done, research protocols have helped to force overall survival rates of childhood malignant neoplastic disease from less than 20 per centum when the infirmary opened, to over 80 per centum today ( St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital, 2010 ) . They have treated patients from across the Earth that are accepted and respected without respect to ethnicity and cultural differences ( St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital, 2010 ) . St. Jude has impacted the households by supplying hope to households with a inexorable forecast, deficiency of funding, and nowhere else to turn. St. Jude is the exclusive paediatric malignant neoplastic disease research centre that accepts patients without respect to ability to pay. Families are ne'er asked to pay for intervention non covered by insurance, and no kid is denied intervention because of inability to pay. ( St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital, 2010 ) . The American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities ( ALSAC ) has been the sole fund-raising organisation of St. Jude since 1957, assisting raise financess to construct the constitution with laminitis Danny Thomas and his vision ( St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital, 2010 ) . In the 2009 Fiscal Year, ALSAC raised $ 682 million through voluntaries, corporate spouses, and givers to run into the day-to-day St. Jude runing cost of $ 1.5 million a twenty-four hours ( ALSAC/St. Jude Annual Report, 2009 ) . These operating costs include patient attention services, research outgos, instruction, preparation, and community services to suit staff and disposal of the infirmary. Patient attention services include all attention needed for active patients. This can include medical attention and life outgos for patients and households. Most patients are treated on an outpatient footing in the St. Jude clinics and are housed at one of the three lodging organisations in Memphis affiliated with St. Jude ( Target House, Grizzly House, Ronald McDonald House ) . Once remittal is achieved intervention can be transferred to a physician in the patient ‘s place community in coaction with St. Jude protocols ( ALSAC/St. Jude Annual Report, 2009 ) . In add-on to ALSAC, St. Jude has over 60 corporate spouses including: Target, the NFL, The Memphis Grizzlies, Kay Jewelers, and Chili ‘s, ( St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital, 2010 ) . In add-on to their corporate spouses, single givers and organisations help financially back up the work of St. Jude ( St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital, 2010 ) . Extra influences on St. Jude Chil dren ‘s Research Hospital include the American Medical Association and American Nursing Association who serve to steer the physicians and nurses employed by the infirmary. The policy and ordinance of St. Jude is in conformity with research policies nationwide to guarantee the safety of patients with the possible benefit of intervention outweighing the hazard. The infirmary adheres to put protocols in survey and merely deviates from them should extensive research prove the divergence to be more good and scientifically supported ( St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital, 2010 ) . The system at St. Jude is extremely supported by holding the research institute under the same roof as the patients with the scientists actively involved in the patient program of attention. In add-on to these ordinances, St. Jude has policies in topographic point to forestall infection spread to patients who are immunocompromised. These include non leting visitants under the age of 12, testing for illness prior to visiting, proper hand-washing instruction, and non leting visitants who have late received the rhinal flu vaccinum or unwritten infantile paralysis vaccinum with in the past four hebdomads. These policies guarantee the safety and overall wellbeing of their patients ( St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital, 2010 ) . The organisation of St. Jude Children ‘s Hospital is based on the vision of laminitis Danny Thomas to make a infirmary handling kids with ruinous diseases so no kid has to decease in the morning of life ( St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital, 2010 ) . In partnering with ALSAC, Danny Thomas was able to obtain support necessary to make this infirmary from the land up and work to make an environment welcoming to all who enter. His vision included a infirmary where kids did n't experience threatened by attention suppliers, where physicians and research workers ate alongside of patients, a infirmary where patients were allowed to go on their childhood while combating ruinous diseases ( St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital, 2010 ) . Harmonizing to Henry Mintzberg, an organisation can dwell of a upper limit of six parts including the strategic vertex ( top direction ) , the in-between line ( in-between directors ) , the operating nucleus ( primary workers ) , the technostructure ( workers who standardize and better work ) , the support staff ( those who work outside of the primary flow ) , and the political orientation ( beliefs, traditions, norms, values, and civilization ) ( Value Based Management, 2010 ) . The undermentioned diagram depicts the Mintzberg organisational construction of St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital and is explained below. ( Proven Models, 2010 ) The strategic vertex of St. Jude consists of the Boards of Directors and Governors for ALSAC-St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital. The Board is responsible for regulating the organisations by set uping policies and aims, choosing, naming, back uping, and reexamining the public presentation of the Chief Executive Officers, sing the handiness of equal fiscal resources, O.K.ing one-year budgets and strategic planning, and accounting for the moralss, conformity, and public presentation of the organisations ( St. Jude Children ‘s Research Hospital, 2010 ) . Below them St. Jude has the in-between line operations dwelling of the Chief Executive Officers, Senior Management Team, and the Executive Committee that straight oversee the operating nucleus. At the bosom of the infirmary are the operating nucleus of doctors, research and development squad, advanced pattern nurses, nurses, certified nursing helpers, child life specializers, psychologists, and households who collaborate to supply equal family-centered attention. The Support Staff of St. Jude consist of ALSAC as the primary fundraising organisation, the administrative organic structure, the environmental service employees, the cafeteria, the public dealingss section assisting advocator for ALSAC fund-raising enterprises, the Target, Grizzly, and Ronald McDonald houses and staff people, the ethical and legal commissions, and voluntaries who help throughout the infirmary. The technostructure of St. Jude consists of the specially named Faculty and Adjunct Faculty that standardize research in coaction with attention provided to patients. It besides includes the external advisory boards that help to standardise protocols and guarantee they are accessible and clearly stated to be shared worldwide. St. Jude has a surprisingly big technostructure of employees who work to standardise attention throughout the infirmary with respect to singularity of each patient in the research surveies. Any divergences from standardized attention are backed through the research conducted on the St. Jude campus. Because of this, the infirmary would be classified as a Machine Bureaucracy that has all constituents present and strong in their operation and passage towards the campus. The nursing function that will specifically be analyzed is the function of the Pediatric Acute Care Nurse Practitioner. Unfortunately, this function is non presently available at St. Jude Children ‘s Hospital and hence no specific occupation description or rubric is available for the specific function at St. Jude. Harmonizing to the National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners ( NAPNAP ) , the Pediatric Acute Care Nurse Practitioner ( PNP-AC ) would work to supply direct patient attention direction, execute in-depth physical appraisals, interpret lab and diagnostic trials, order mediations, and execute curative interventions for kids who are acutely, inveterate, and critically ill ( NAPNAP, 2005 ) . The PNP-AC would be licensed as a registered nurse in the United States with a alumnus grade in nursing through an commissioned plan, and certified by the Pediatric Nurse Certification Board as a Certified Pediatric Nurse Practitioner – Acute Care ( PNCB, 2010 ) . To go certified one must run into certain competences and go through a board scrutiny that meets the National Council of State Boards of Nursing APRN standards ( PNCB, 2010 ) . To keep enfranchisement, one must finish go oning instruction hours and/or re-certification every three to five old ages, or as deemed by the organisation and province board of nursing ( PNCB, 2010 ) . The function of the PNP-AC would fall within the operating nucleus of the infirmary. They would work in coaction with other Physicians and Researchers at St. Jude to make a comprehensive program of attention for the patients. This would maintain everyone working towards the same end and guarantee overall patient wellbeing. They would besides work with the nurses, nursing helpers, child life specializers, and other healers to maintain them informed of advancement or hardships the patient may meet, and assist them understand the attentions that need to be provided to guarantee success of intervention protocols. They would besides work with unit directors and nursing managers should jobs or inquiries arise. They will be able to confer with with the in-between line direction or technostructure forces should inquiries or concerns arise. They would besides work with changing support staff members for outreach, dietetic consults and education-oriented undertakings. This function would strai ght interact with patients and households through their mundane undertakings. They may make outreach into the community, and behavior instruction for consumers and remunerators on current progresss the infirmary is doing. They would besides indirectly work with human resources and the finance section to obtain their payroll check. The function of the PNP-AC is really independent in impacting patient attention and results. They can name and handle conditions, prescribe medicines, obtain necessary consults and interpret consequences of ordered trials. They would supervise the advancement of attention and intervene should any alarming findings be made in response to the protocol under survey. The function would be strong in the sense that they are an independent and an independent member of the health care bringing squad that is capable of supplying a high-level of attention to patients. They have strong patient interaction accomplishments and a comprehensive cognition of attention that should be provided by the nurses. They are best able to understand the function of the nurse and depute appropriate undertakings to other members of the health care squad. The function weaknesses include the opportunity that they may non be as extremely respected as doctors or physician helpers, and the deficiency of advanced prep aration specifically in pathology and the physiology like doctors and physician helpers frequently have. Overall, the function of the PNP-AC would be a extremely operation advanced pattern function that can supply comprehensive and thorough attention to his or her patient ‘s and work as a productive member of the health care bringing squad.

Template for Review of Journal Article Essay

Introduction Give an overview of the article. Development What are the key points in this article? What did I find striking or interesting about these key points? How relevant are the key points to my role as a teacher? What do I agree or disagree with in this article? How has this article influenced me in thinking deeply about my values, beliefs and assumptions? How specifically will I be able to use the information and knowledge to improve or enhance my teaching and learning in terms of approaches, strategies, methods or techniques? Conclusion What new insights/discoveries have I made in relation to article review? How will I make use of this new knowledge in future? What further information or knowledge should I seek to expand my knowledge in relation to the contents of this article? N.B. Minimum of 2 pages (A4) or 800 words, Font size 12, 1†³ margin all round. Please review FIVE articles as proposed and submit to Mr. Chee by Week-10, as your GROUP assignment. OR Please review ONE article as proposed and submit to Mr. Chee by Week-10, as your INDIVIDUAL assignment. Rubrics for Assessing Journal Article Review Grading Description of Quality of Work Excellent (A) 80 and above Very clear focus and clarity of thoughts and expression. Key points are well developed and described in detail. Excellent analysis of article content that is discerning, in-depth and supported by both pedagogical and personal knowledge. Ability to relate content to one’s role and competencies as a teacher is demonstrated in an outstanding manner. There is a high quality of reflection as can be seen in the ability to relate to one’s values, beliefs and experiences to the content of the article. The reviewer is able to suggest how the information and knowledge could be adopted or adapted innovatively to enhance or improve teaching and learning. Personal insights and views that are expressed show that the reviewer has thought critically and reflectively about the article and the effects on his/her role as a researcher. The review is clear, well organized with logical sequencing and elaboration of key points. All key points are adequately detailed and there is in-depth analysis of some of the points. Good effort has also been made to relate the content of the article to one’s role and competencies as a teacher and interesting ideas were proposed for improving or enhancing management. Insights and discoveries made show a good understanding of the article content and that that the reviewer has made good effort to reflect on his/her values, beliefs and experiences. There is adequate analysis of the article content but with some points detailed more than others. Relationship is drawn between some key points and one’s role and competencies as a researcher. The reviewer was able to suggest how the information and knowledge could be applied in teaching and learning to improve or enhance current practices. Overall, the review is satisfactory in that it shows an overall understanding of the content and the ability to reflect on the content to obtain adequate benefits as a researcher. Unsatisfactory (F) Below 60 The review is lacking in focus and clarity of expression. Key points not elaborated upon and details are minimal. Little analysis of content. Minimal reflection and insights given.